i 1a SA MRL AN IE tt {ate Lys i tah a) : < iret Wis) Uh te 4 Pier ae Ma eee Peete Bt. We eee PP erat Wee kt Nb) Roe ee Gat MNS Mt faeeaya Coe ie 4 abies ae ix a pee 4 EER A eV pn oy acre § easy f Orit Vee 4 ‘ pis ada on evtte ‘dia ‘se ony aa aa NS te eats Mf AMA A hie ‘ Va Vad i ‘fie aie t) eM ‘| " Ht pits Oa are raat hh ile ; nes sane en) el aH A ae cy MANE ib iy Ks Be ; i i bd DRI vy PRN a a a TW hk Uk Bt oe } i ne Don vive? ee 1 ; the yay 4) , avs wii er oy NB Meat ite re ik } a Vn dat eM Ait dea eateih od dtd) TOUS NY ‘ Lana yaaa 475, ht Den V's! ty Soka edd in i Fe pak Ob) a) nit rhs #4 inet on Non Ae i) Pai . iy ; Dall ‘ ey ie 4! ae h “ ce ; i Van a ; i iy A em oe : ae : fi Fee Weeaniwatas et { At Pee oe Fl ae Ain ne i By iy thy May uy Hae a) ak Ved Ae Palo th dot de ii Ay ye ‘A. 1 yey (hp Ape ¢ italy ue) fi f “ 1 await vi aa ON tae nee ibe mh ce a y Hi {4 A Ls i is ae i i, a Ci ig fine Pinte it i i is tee By No \ Ay) on vA UE Pr } shah Aa sa : AON aay Jy ASN i a it 4) ii CG - Mase iui ee hak dos Pind whieids eean Whit fae #4 : Pity ier adhd sa i) oy ued ( Peer Aga i hah Ao 4 Wet f eu ee Ce re i H ee tet Nate Feit 5 ae Ae Nee y) t ; ot itt Uh ard Dent dating. { a ya no clas me i lasee sae eate ee eae hie 7 yy (tas pe ie nies ani yas ken paves My | AGEN Ee baits AY Bee se Mise ae oe: ; St aig : ie ot a ae - pr Reere: “i Be ph ate iia % ae os ssn ay ee =: a eg eetsteitseses ofan “ ney far te) ‘ Ad ee pao Hi Aka a ad he i AOE OG Ack a hat nt ay: ‘ ae in oe aH eee Ait fi My o pay RN SME SONEAN INSTITUTION: UINIAMEID) Siw AANSS, IN AIPIO UN AIG IMO S12 OMe PROCEEDINGS UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Wrolinane lOO PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900. JAN 117901 : ADVERTISEMENT. The extension of the scope of the National Museum during recent years and the activity of the collectors employed in its interest have caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possession. Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character, and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man. The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series of publications, entitled ‘* Proceedings of the United States National Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articles are published in pamphlet form as fast as completed and in advance of the bound volume. The present volume constitutes the twenty-second of the series. The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the “scientific corps of the National Museum; secondly, of papers by others, founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, of facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smithsonian Institution. The Bulletin of the National Museum, the publication of which was commenced in 1875, consists of elaborate papers based upon the col- lections of the Museum, reports of expeditions, ete., while the Pro- ceedings facilitate the prompt publication of freshly acquired facts relating to biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of restricted groups of animals and plants, the discussion of particular questions relative to the synonomy of species, and the diaries of minor expe- ditions. . Other papers of more general popular interest are printed in the Appendix to the Annual Report. Papers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletin of the National Museum are referred to the Advisory Committee on Pub- lications, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), Marcus “Benjamin (editor), James KE. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard ‘Stejneger, and Lester F. Ward. S. P. LAneLey, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Til TABLE OF CONTENTS. ASHMEAD, WiunutAM H. On the Genera of the Chalcid-flies belonging to the Subfamily Encyrtine.—No. 1202. June New genera: Tetralophidea, Meromyzobia, Tineophoctonus, Henico- pygus, Tetralophiellus, Tetracnemopsis, Habrolepopteryx, Parencyrtus, Chestomorpha, Hemenasius, Hemencyrtus, Coccophoctonus, Rhytido- thorax, Ocencyrtus, Psyllephagus, Coccidencyrtus, Holcencyrtus, Pseudencyrtus, Epiencyrtus, Syrphophagus, Aphidencyrtus, Zoomma, Adelencyrtus, Zarhopalus, Parencyrtus. New species: Tetralophidea bakeri, Meromyzobia flava, M. unifasciata, Anagyrus pallidipes, Anusia neomexicana, Henicopygus subapterus, Tetralophiellus brevicollis, Liothoran melanocera, Berecyntus flori- danus, Parencyrtus brasiliensis, Spheropisthus annulicornis, Sphe- ropisthus auriceps, Chestomorpha biformis, Anasius chapade, Hemenasius confusus, Hemencyrtus herbertii, Coccophoctonus dacty- lopui, Rhytidothoran marlatti, Isodromus niger, Isodromus atriventris, Cerchysius elasmoceri, C. hubbardii, Microterys cincticornis, M. mar- ginatus, Chrysoplatycerus howardi, Zahropalus sheldoni, Coccobius diaspidis, Signiphora nigra, S. australiensis, S. dactylopti, S. noacki, S. unifasciata, S. bifasciata, S. flavopalliata, S. occidentalis, S. mexicuna, S. rhizococci, S. aleyrodis, S. coquilletti, S. aspidioti, S. townsend. CoqguiLLEeTT, D. W. Report on a Collection of Dipterous Insects from Puerto Rico.—No. 1198. May 12, 1900 New genera: Ptilomyia, Stenomicra, Cladocheta. New species: Belvosia luteola, Sarcophaga diversipes, Coenosia vari- cornis, Notiphila virgata, Psilopa mellipes, Hydrellia gilvipes, Ptilomyia enigma, Stenomicra angustala, Cladochexta nebulosa, Drosophila fusca, Anthomysa nigrimana, Gaurax lancifer, Hippelates tener, Oscinis obscura, Desmometopa halteralis, Ophthalmomyia cinerea. Currie, Rorta P. A New Bird of Paradise.—No. 1204. July 7, 1900 New species: Cincinmirus lyogyrus. Page. 325-412 \ Wat CONTENTS. Dati, WittramM H. Synopsis of the Solenide of North America and the Antilles.—No. 1185. October 9, 1899__- New species: Solen mexicanus, Ensis californicus, Tagelus poeyi. GaNnrE, Henry Stewart. Some Neocene Corals of the United States.— No. 1193. April 2051900 S22 =s eee ee eee Hay, O. P. Descriptions of Two New Species of Tortoises from the Tertiary of the United States.—No. 1181. Oc- tober 1, L899. i. 222 Pe ae eee ee ee ea Hay, W. P. Description of Two New Species of Crayfish. — Nos 118%. © October Ld, 1.89 Gx Wisi es eee epee te pe oe Ketioee, Vernon L. A List of the Biting Lice (Mallo- phaga) taken from Birds and Mammals of North America.— No. 1183. October 9) 1899) coe ee ae ee KisHinouryk, K. Contributions to the Natural History of the Commander Islands. XIIIJ.—A New Species of Stalked Meduse, Haliclystus stejnegeri.—No. 1188. December staal Gol ty Me mraiein eat UC oe el bs SSeS be New species: Haliclystus stejnegert. Osrrnorsur, Harry C. A List of the Birds collected by Mr. R. P. Currie in Liberia.—No. 1182. October 9, 1899_ New genera: Horizocerus, Stelgidillas. New species: Anthreptes idius, Frasia prosphora. New subspecies: Dendromus caroli arizelus, Dicrurus modestus atactus. ——. Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Madagas- car. No, 1197 Ajoril 24a 00 ees ee Sela ae Notes on Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in Central Asia.—No. 1195. Ajpril 23,.090022225 = New subspecies: Totanus totanus eurhinus. ——~. Notes on Birds from the Cameroons District, West Atrica.—No. 1180; .Octobers(qalis 9 Ome = anne se ie ee New genus: Furillas. —. Notes on Some Birds from Santa Barbara Islands, Coton, TON NSIoS Norell QR. GOO... Page. 107-112 121-123 39-100 25-37 935-948. 205-22 co J1=19 CONTENTS. Ratupun, Mary J. The Decapod Crustaceans of West wien NOOO. May 12, 190085 v2 EL el : New species: Clibanarius cooki. RICHARDSON, Harriet. Description of a New Species of _Idotea from Hakodate Bay, Japan.—No. 1189. February New species: Jdotea japonica. RicumMonp, CHARLES W. Description of a New Bird of the GenusMendrormis:— No: 1200, May 12, 1900 --.-- 2 .- New species: Dendrornis striatigularis. Descriptions of Three New Birds from Lower Site NOs LOI ee Mave TO. 1900 fs es Seek yeaa eS New species: ithopyga anomala, Criniger sordidus, Turdinulus granti. SCHUCHERT, CHARLES. On the Lower Silurian (Trenton) Hauna-ot Battin Wand.—No; 1192.) April 9, 1900... -__- —_ New species: Plasmopora lambu, Porocrinus shawi, Cienodonta carpen- deri, C. baffinensis, C. frobisherensis, Modiolodon arcticus, Whiteavesia symmetricus, Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, Vanuxemia baffinensis, Whitella arcticus, Seelya (?) ( Plethospira?) ulrichi, Holopea arctica, Orthoceras porteri, Orthoceras scalariformis, Cyrtoceras cornulum, C. baffinensis, Oncoceras arcticum, O. tumidwm, Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodridgii. New varieties: Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi var. arctica, Orthoceras olorus var. baffinensis. Smpson, CHARLES TorREY. Synopsis of the Naiades, or 131-134 319-321 143-177 Pearly Fresh-water Mussels.—No. 1205. October 8, 1900_501-1044 New genera: Pseudospatha, Chamberlainia, Pilsbryoconcha, Dromus, Pegias, Arcidens, Shistodesmus, Gibbosula, Cuneopsis, Physunio, Dalliella, Ptychorhynchus, Virgus, Ctencdesma, Rectidens, Lamelli- dens, Pseudavicula, Arcidopsis, Castaliella, Callonaia. New subgenera: Pilea, Caudiculatus, Pletholophus, Crassitesta, Pseu- doin, Ptychoderma, Pressodonta, Rugifera, Bullella, Lamprotula, Discomya, Aurora, Pseudobaphia, Acuticosta, Lamellidens, Trape- zoideus, Spathopsis, Triquetrana, Hyriana, Cyclomya, Levirostris, Pseudomutela. New species: Diplodon leai, Glabaris umbonatus, falsus. New varieties: Truncilla sulcata var. delicata, Lampsilis ligamentinus var. gibbus, Lampsilis texasensis var. compressus, Tritogonia tuber- culata var. obesa, Unio gibbosus var. delicatus, Pleurobema fassinans var. rhomboidea, Cyprogenia irrorata var. pusilla, Quadrula kirtlandi- ana var. minor, Quadrula coccinea var. paupercula, Quadrula gran- ifera var. pusilla. VIII CONTENTS. Srpson, CHarLES TorrEy—Continued. New sections: Lapidosus, Micronaias, Plethobasus, Fusconaia, Cylin- drica, Radiatula, Cafferia, Physunio, Lens, Suborbiculus, Bineurus, Nasus, Obovalis, Cyclomya, Bulloideus, Virgulus. New names: Lampsilis binominatus, Lampsilis lividus, Hyriopsis biala- tus, Quadrula kowangensis, Quadrula similaris, Quadrula ovata, Nodularia jickeli, Lamellidens canefrianus, Trapezoideus peninsularis, Diplodon wagnerianum, Diplodon aureus, Diplodon cuprinus, Spatha lacustris, Glabaris philippianus, Lamellidens marginalis var. hanley?. Smitn, Joun B. New Species of Nocturnal Moths of the Genus Campometra, and Notes.—No. 1184. October 9, WSOO oe ee EE ol Sa rn New species: Campometra bilineata, C. cinetipalpis, C. fraterna, C. minor. A Hundred New Moths of the Family Noctuidee.— NO 120380 July 14 O00) 2 eae wl See New genera: Copibryophila, Selicanis, Anepischetos, Diallagma, Narth- ecophora, Palada, Parora. New species: Arsilonche colorada, Chytonix semifascia, Copibryophila angelica, Setagrotis quebecensis, Setagrotis radiatus, Carneades pug- ionis, C. nevada, C. contagionis, C. loya, C. flaviscapula, C. excogita, C. exvculta, C. nevulus, C. megastigma, C. stigmatalis, C. termessus, C. enteridis, C. atropulverea, C. compressipennis, C. falverina, C. vallus, C. sessile, C. relaxus, C. luteositus, C. tocoye, C. incubita, C. terrenus, C. territorialis, C. fulda, C. itodes, C. laggane, C. ontario, C. testula, C. difformis, C. dakota, C. holoberba, C. kerrvillei, C. terna- rius, C. noctuiformis, C. imtrusa, C. neotelis, C. atrofusca, C. objurgata, C. cariosus, C. malis, C. pindar, C. henrietta, C. vanidicus, C. feemi- nalis, C. nordica, C. factoris, C. cxsius, C. acutifrons, C. selenis, C. laminis, Anytus atristrigatus, Mamestra senatoria, M. rainierti, M. bolteri, M. yakima, M. dilatata, M. florida, M. roseosuffusa, M. griseata, Hadena tapeta, H. luteocinerea, H. mustelina, H. jocasta, FT. tela, Polia extincta, P. acera, P. dispar, P. ochracea, Perigea lucetta, P. cervina, P. texana, P. consors, Caradrina leucorena, Homo- hodena candida, Oncocnemis ciliata, Trichopolia serrata, Leucania velutina, Himella quadristigma, Selicanis cinereola, Anepischetos bipar- lita, Diallagma lutea, Heliodes angelica, H. restrictalis, Narthecophora pulverea, Palada scarletina, Schinia reniformis, S. oculata, S. ciliata, Tripudia balieata, T. luxuriosa, Paroratecana, Synedoida subtermina, Antiblemma minorata, A. fasciata, Bomolocha vega. Srarks, Epwarp CHapin. The Osteological Characters of the Fishes of the Suborder Percesoces.—No. 1179. Octo- ber 7, 1899 The Osteology and Relationship of the Peorcidean Page. LOMSLOS 415-495 1-10 Fish, Dinolestes Lewini.—No. 1186. October 11, 1899__. 113-120 CONTENTS. STEARNS, Ropert E. C. List of Shells collected by Vernon Bailey in Heron and Eagle Lakes, Minnesota, with Notes.— © IN@. MOO, > Ay arerlisre a0 Oe ae cee a ne a Description of a New Variety of Haliotis from Cal- ifornia, with Faunal and Geographical Notes.—No. 1191. AXTOPIL Go, WOOO sess eee eS SN ah aan ee ere ee Vaueuan, T. Waytanp. A New Fossil Species of Caryo- phyllia from California, and a New Genus and Species of Turbinolid from Japan.—No. 1194. April 20, 1900_____- New genus: Levipalifer. New species: Caryophyllia arnoldi, Levipatifer orientalis. OMS 39-142 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. TEXT FIGURES. Page. Carapace, antennal scale, and first abdominal appendages of male of Cambarus [RUOBOS = 32: 4.clb BSG ES SOOO ACPI SEE SS ee een ae ee 121 Carapace, chela, and annulus ventralis of Cambarus clypeatus .........--------- 122 Rela iGh Sis Esta) NCOETI, DC WaSPCCleS. SIGE VICW ta s= 6.2 = sels ee eee cece eee eee 126 Haliclystus stejnegeri, new species. View from the oval side ..............--.--- ey - SACIYSRIS: SCIMQU ibs 52S S RAR OO A ee A IS SEIS re aaa eg ee 128 LE OG: JORDOINUCUE 5B Ss pra Be BO casi RR Sieger Se et les a ge ee a ee 132 Idotea ochotensis .... - EEO LES TI SEE SES I a ar ee 132 Antenna of second pair of Jdotea japonica (a); CDSE of second pair of Jdotea DEMOUOGID ((O)\ os al iene ah OE SONG sets SSN ete Aiea eed lee eine ee 132 Opercular valve of Idotea ochotensis (a); opercular valve of Idotea japonica (b) .. 132 Abdomen of Jdotea japonica (a); abdomen of Jdotea ochotensis (b); abdomen of JV GRBG: POCIMEROTID CO) ies oA So fs is ONS AI SEI ee a a a 133 Leg of second pair of Idotea japonica (a); leg of second pair of Idotea ocho- CUBS (O) cs cheb iS ee grees at eee gta ea Rene ene 133 Picnamiavicwrol Slllmans fossil mount < 2 5.260 eee eae eke 145 A near view of Sillimans fossil mount...--- ia HEE SNe ease ia Sep cea Bag 146 Clibanarius cooki. Front and cephalic appendages, dorsal view...--..--------.- 305 Ghbanorius cook, Lett leg of second pair, outer face. ....2-.+---2--2.2-25----- 305 PLATES. J] Facing page. 1. Superior views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californi- CSS». DONS) MACE CTONHMS = tans Hoth ocase teks ada eee ae eae eerete 10 2. Lateral views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californien- SIS, BING, (B) WONG GAONHMIS Ts cae eo dco dooS aod CoS we eee eae aaee a eyes 10 3. Posterior views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californi- GNSS, (BS) MAGE CFOS BAe BE ANS Aer Ae cee WADE SG SRE AO anes 10 4, JElOchmGnnis. SORIONGHI es Ba eaeacucasac6 soso sb 2 bone ob aoe eee eee eee 24 G. AlGRGROMUCHODIS WAG NCH SS NS BE Geos ae a BBO e Se Ge aes Ae ee eee rer 24 PeNCOUUT A NOO-LOOm, binds (Centropus senegalensis) == 622 92.25. 522.22 2222.2 38 SUPE ulOcevilew OlacramiumuolMDinolestes lenin; 9.352282. 52 120 Omeateraleviewaor cramiumyoreMimolestes lewis. 8252282524522. oo ee 120 HieePosterion wwew ot cranium’ of Dinolestes lewint | .-2-..---22--5--2--5-5-65+ 120 WL, LD UCU ASIAS UCU SE Cs less ies es aS AE ae a ei en ne a 120 12, Fossils itzoan Swllbtaneing) mooi oss bau eecs ss bse ee tw eadooesaguseceedeusaeee 178 ibanelecypodsmrom sillimanc mountM ess sece 4. het ee 178 Ee Cepnalopods arom, silllmansmOUmt!sacssssei 2-6 see eel ee eee 178 ibmNCOceMe-condic or taenWimibedystabes= 9-40-2425 2e- seca le ace oes Sse se 198 GRIN wat um oimolidhcorall see iarytes n= ee eke a ee Stee icine ea 204 Pew Cy ndmolymaracisewee sts ee Bai sae e Y Ne Ss ere isl tc 500 18. Map showing the distribution of pearly fresh-water mussels -_......------ 504 ERRATA. Page 509, line 21, for varicosa read cicatricosa. Page 516, before Heterogenze insert Exobranchie. Page 548, line 36, Unio striatus Sowerby should be preceded by a mark of interrogation. Page 559, line 6 from the bottom, for L. prevostianus read U. prevostianus. Page 591, line 3, for Lampsilis read Medionidus. Page 648, omit 8th and 9th lines from the bottom. Page 719, Unio striatulus Lea and U. amabilis Lea should be placed in the Argenteus group of Pleurobema. Page 760, last line, for bigbyana read bigbyensis. Page 766, line 6 om bottom, for poultice read heros. Page 802, omit line 8. Page 806, line 19, for eequitoria read eequatoria. Page 823, lines 10 and 11, for equitoria read sequatoria. Page 825, omit lines 8 and 9. Page 851, line 27, for incertus read murinus. Page 862, omit line 31. Page 894, ont line 28. Page 906, 13th and following lines, for Chelidoneura read Chelidonura. Page 933, ont lines 16 and 17. XII THE OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE FISHES OF THE SUBORDER PERCESOCES. By EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS, Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Curator of the Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. A study of the skeletons of several representatives of the families Atherinide, Mugilide, and Sphyrenidie, which are grouped together under the suborder Percesoces, reveals the fact that they are not so closely allied to each other as their external similarity would lead one to suppose. The specimens from which my observations were made are adult examples of Atherinopsis califormensis, Menidia notata, Mugil cephalus, and Sphyrena argentea. In examining the crania of these species attention is attracted at once to the fact that in all of them the epiotics are developed into long, thin processes which divide into more or less bristlelike filaments. There is little else in purely internal characters whereby to differen- tiate these families as a group from other Acanthopteri. In order to So differentiate them we must turn to the well-known external charac- ters—a spinous dorsal in conjunction with the abdominal ventral fins, high pectoral fins, and unarmed opercles. If, however, we eliminate the Sphyrenide (which, on account of its fanglike teeth, set in deep sockets, its separate superior pharyngeals of third and fourth branchial arches, its lack of parapophyses on ante- rior vertebrae, and other characters, we may well be justified in doing) and place it in a separate superfamily coordinate with that in which we place the Mugilide and Atherinids, we shall then have remaining a more compact group, notwithstanding the great difference in number of vertebre in the two tamilies of which it is composed. In it we find the parapophyses developed on all the abdominal ver- tebre, the anterior neural spines flattened, wide and thin, the supra- clavicle very small, the superior pharyngeals of each side of the third and fourth branchial arches anchylosed, and the teeth small, not fang- like and set in sockets. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1179. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 1 1 aD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUBORDER PERCESOCES. & Two dorsal fins, the first spinous and more or less remote from the second; ventral fins abdominal, with 1 spine and 5 rays; third and fourth superior pharyngeals of each side separate or anchylosed; lower — pharyngeals separate; pectorals elevated, nearly on a level with upper part of clavicle; epiotics of adult produced backward and more or less divided into bristlelike filaments; myodome present, opened or closed posteriorly; opercles unarmed; parietals separated by supra- occipital; supraoccipital crest developed posteriorly, not extending above level of balance of cranium; postclavicle of superior and inferior parts; anterior interhemal not differentiated; epipleurals present; coronoid bone present;' suborbital ring without suborbital shelf. DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUPERFAMILY ATHERINOIDEA. Cleft of mouth not wide; teeth, when present, small, not set in sock- ets; maxillary without supplemental bone; third and fourth superior pharyngeals of each side anchylosed; supraclavicle reduced in size; lower limb of posttemporal attached to opisthotic by ligament or suture; exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital; alisphenoids not meet- ing; ethmoid normal, not overlying prefrontals and vomer or extend- ing to lateral edge of rostrum; anterior neural spines laterally tlattened ; parapophyses developed on all abdominal vertebre. DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY ATHERINIDA. Lower limb of post-temporal attached to opisthotic by ligament; basisphenoid developed; myodome opening to exterior posteriorly; region about foramen magnum not produced; superior pharyngeals typical in shape, bearing teeth; vertebree numerous, from 45 to 52; first dorsal with from 3 to 8 spines; anal with 1 spine. DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY MUGILIDZ. Lower limb of post-temporal attached to cranium by dentate suture; basisphenoid absent; myodome not opening to exterior posteriorly; foramen magnum region produced; superior pharyngeals of complex shape, not bearing teeth; vertebre few in number, about 24; first dorsal with about 4 spines; anal with 2 or 3 spines. ‘This character seems to have been made too much of by the systematists and not enough of by the anatomists. Whether it is homologous with the coronoid as it occurs in some reptiles, or is one of the osteological peculiarities common to fishes, or whether it is developed with age, being the ossified end of the ligament that is attached to it, I will not attempt to say with the material at hand. The last sup- position seems to be the least tenable, since the ossification is not a gradual transi- tion from cartilage to bone, as we would expect in that case, but takes the form of a distinct bone larger than the end of the ligament. I find it present in nearly every species examined (my material being adult examples), among them the following miscellaneous genera: Amiurus, Cyprinus, Lucius, Alosa, Holocentrus, Pomoxys, Lobotes, Roccus, Caranx, Archosargus, Neomeanis, Tautoga, Pomatomus, Rachycentron, Scorpe- nichthys, Lopholatilus, Melanogrammus, and Gadus. NO. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. 3 DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUPERFAMILY SPHYRANOIDEA. .Cleft of mouth wide; teeth fanglike, some of them set in deep sock- ets, large teeth on palatines; maxillary with supplemental bone; third and fourth superior pharyngeals separate; supraclavicle not reduced in size; lower limb of post-temporal not attached to opisthotic by suture; exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital; alisphenoids meeting; ethmoid a thin plate, entirely supeiior, extending to and forming edge of rostrum; anterior neural spines normal; parapophyses not developed on anterior vertebra. The characters of the family Sphyrenide are included in the fore- going diagnosis. OSTEOLOGY OF ATHERINOPSIS CALIFORNIENSIS. Exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital, thus leaving the latter to form floor of foramen magnum. Basioccipital and exoccipitals not much produced posteriorly. Supraoccipital crest not projecting above superior level of skull; its posterior edge somewhat broken up and ragged. Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital. Epiotics produced backward, spreading out into thin, flat, horizontal processes, which are much divided and ragged, though scarcely “ bristle- like,” asin Mugil and Sphyrena. ~ Opisthotics with a projection to which lower limb of post-temporal is attached by ligament. — Pteroties extending back as thin horizontal shelves of bone. Sphenotics weli developed, their front edge continuous with edge of frontals. Alisphenoids not meeting. Anterior opening into brain case large. Basisphenoid well developed, wholly in front of basis cranii and not continuous with it. Supported directly by prootics and slightly by alisphenoids. Its process strongly joined to parasphenoid, extending posteriorly into myodome. Myodome large, opening to the exterior at its posterior end through a small foramen at end of parasphenoid. Vomer convex on lower surface; its anterior edge produced at the middle; trilobate in the young and pierced by a network of holes. Hthmoid wholly superior, being a simple, flat, thin bone supported at its anterior edge by vomer and sending some slender filaments of bone under frontals. The large space beneath it is filled by cartilage. Frontals extending well back over about half of superior portion of supraoccipital. Metapterygoid united to hyomandibular by a deeply dentate suture. Pterygoid very much reduced in size—a mere splint of bone. Bones of opercular apparatus large. Opercular sending a spine forward in front of hyomandibular. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. Dentary without the typical cavity into which the meckelian cartilage and end of articular runs anteriorly. Angular present. Coronoid bone present. Post-temporal not especially firmly attached. Upper limb attached to base of epiotic process, the outer side rather loosely to pterotic proc- ess. The thin, flat lower limb attached to process from opisthotic by a short ligament. Supraclavicle very short, its upper end scarcely reaching above upper end of clavicle. Hypercoracoid placed high on clavicle. Its foramen as described under Mugil. Hypercoracoid at upper end more broadly joined to clavicle than that of Mugil. Its lower end attached to a high median vertical wing between inner and outer edge of clavicle. Actinosts very short, two joined to each the hypocoracoid and hyper- coracoid. Two or fines upper rays of pector al fin working directly on hypercoracoid. Postelavicle cousisting of a superior and inferior part. Pelvic bones higher than wide. A’ spinelike process sent upward from the outer edge of each of them. Interneurals of spinous dorsal compressed into thin plates without descending spines between the neural spines. First and second inter- neurals not fused. eS Interneurals of soft dorsal with spines between the neural spines as usual. In front of them an auxiliary interneural is attached. Front of anal fin free under abdominal cavity. Interhemals subequal, growing slightly longer anteriorly. The first not differentiated. Three basibranchials present, united to each other by sutures. Suspensory pharyngeal! of first branchial arch present. Second arch? with a small toothed superior pharyngeal. Superior pharyngealsof third and fourth arches fused into a large ellip- tical bone. A transverse groove or suture is present, probably indicat- ing separate pharyngeals of the third and fourth arches in the young. Hyoid apparatus typical. Branchiostegals six; all attached to outer surface of ivi Nasals present; thin and short. Suborbital ring apparently not complete, one bone besides preorbital being at anterior end and one at posterior, while directly beneath eye there are no, bones in evidence. Premaxillary wide at its lower end, while maxillary is subequal throughout its length, which is a transposition of the usnal condition. Maxillary without supplemental bone. ieee so called Necanee its Geinethon is peel that a suspending the iene arches from the cranium. It is typically styloform and toothless. 2One side only of branchial arches considered in describing superior pharyngeals. No. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. 5 Vertebre, in number, with hypural, 52. In another specimen, 50. Impossible to draw a line between abdominal and caudal vertebre. Twenty-fifth and succeeding posterior vertebrie with an arch between each pair of parapophyses, behind which parapophyses gradually become longer, thinner, and wider, till at the thirty-fourth their tips approach each other and touch, forming a gradually decreasing tunnel continued to the forty-first, where it becomes obsolete. This tunnel is probably for reception of posterior end of air bladder. Only those vertebre from the forty-first backward have typical hzmal spines. Anterior neural spines, flattened into thin plates, much as in Mugil. Parapophyses on all abdominal vertebre, including atlas. Subequal in size and directed at about the same angle. Superior anterior and posterior parapophyses normally developed; not with spines, as in Mugil. Inferior posterior zygapophyses developed on a few of the middle vertebre. Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines of next preced- ing four or five vertebre. Ribs transversely flattened. Epipleurals present, typical. OSTEOLOGY OF MUGIL CEPHALUS. Cranium short and broad, its upper surface smooth and convex. Exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipitals, thus leaving the latter to form floor of foramen magnum. Exoccipitals and basioccipitals produced backward, elongating the foramen magnum tunnel-like. Supraoccipital crest produced backward, somewhat broken up or ragged posteriorly. Not extending above superior level of skull. Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital. Epiotics produced far backward, spreading out into thin, flat, hori- zontal processes which divide into bristlelike filaments. Opisthotics sending back a rod of boue to which lower limb of post- temporal is united by suture. Pterotics extending backward farther than usual as thin, fiat projec- tions. Sphenoties well developed, forming large lateral projections from side of cranium. A short distance in front of them the frontals are later- ally produced, leaving deep conspicuous notches over orbital region. Alisphenoids not meeting. Anterior opening into brain case large. Basisphenoid absent. Myodome present, not opening to exterior at its posterior end. The anterior edge of basis cranii some distance back from mouth of anterior opening into brain case. Yomer divided anteriorly into two prominent horns by a deep rounded notch. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Ethmoid almost directly above vomer, similarly indented, but by a shallower notch. Frontals not extending very far back, exposing underlying supra- occipital nearly to its anterior end, which reaches about middle of cranium. Pterygoid reduced in size. Suspensorium otherwise typical. Bones of opercular apparatus all large. Opercular rolled over toward cranium at upper edge. Cavity in dentary for reception of articular not large. Coronoid bone well developed. Angular present. Dentary becoming slender anteriorly. Post-temporal very firmly attached. Its upper fork attached broadly to a rough surface at base of epiotic process. Lower fork attached to process of opisthotic by very deeply dentate suture, forming an integral rod of nearly uniform size from opisthotic to distal end of posttemporal. Suture at about middle of rod. At posterior end of posttemporal at base of forks the long pterotic process is strongly fastened, thus forming a tripod attachment for shoulder girdle, mak- ing post-temporal wholly immovable. Supraclavicle so small that it admits upper end of clavicle to nearly reach to a level with lower end of posttemporal. Clavicle with a downward-hooked process on inner anterior edge. Hypercoracoid placed high on clavicle. Its foramen, though wholly contained within hypercoracoid, is so near its forward edge that it deeply notches edge of overlying clavicle. Hypocoracoid falciform, Its inner upper corner but slightly touch- ing clavicle, thence curving quickly away and only weakly attaching to it at its long lower end. Actinosts short; three joined to hypercoracoid, one to hypocoracoid. Pectoral fin placed high on shoulder girdle, two or three of its upper rays working directly on hypercoracoid. Postelavicle of two pieces. The superior typically lamellate, the inferior rodlike, large, and strongly curved inward. From the under side of the pubic bones near their union each sends a long slender bone forward, which tapers to a hairlike process. First interneural of spinous dorsal enlarged and divided into two spines, though supporting only one dorsal spine. Interneurals of soft dorsal slender and subequal. First interhzemal of anal enlarged very slightly, though not elon- gated, and supporting two anal spines. Interhemals graduated from behind forward. Front of anal not free under abdomen. In front of spinous dorsal are two peculiar supernumerary interneurals composed of two long, slender, contiguous splints of bone placed hori- zoutally. At the middle of each a fork is sent down between the Second and third and fourth and fifth neural spines respectively. No. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. ff Apparently but two basi branchials ossified; both in front of third areh, the hypobranchials of which meet on a median line. Suspensory pharyngeal represented only by a nodule of cartilage. First epibranchial typical. The three succeeding ones of complex shape, somewhat turned back upon themselves with many curves and processes. To superior part of second epibranéhial a rather thick triangular superior pharyngeal is attached. Superior! to all else is a large pharyngobranchial of very complex shape. Itis attached to and above the last three epibranchials and even to and above pharyngobranchial of second arch. It is doubtless the anchylosed pharyngobranchials of third and fourth arches. Tor ease of describing, it may be said to consist of a superior and an inferior part. The inferior, to which the epibranchials are attached, runs straight back to last arch. Springing from its anterior end a thin, imperforate, saucer-shaped superior bone arches widely over it, project- ing both laterally and posteriorly. This upper part is further supported at its middle, umbrellalike, by a ray of bone sent up from posterior end of inferior part. Hyoid apparatus typical in number and arrangement of elements. Branchiostegals six, two attached to epihyal, four to ceratohyal; all attached to outer surface of hyoid. Maxillary and premaxillary rather narrow and slight. Premaxillary widened at lower end, and without supplemental bone. Respective sides of maxillary rather widely separated by unusually wide processes of premaxillary sent backward at its symphysis. Nasals short and quadrangular in shape. Suborbitals forming a narrow ring, through which is the usual sensory canal. Preorbital triangular, its lower edge sharply dentate. Vertebral formula: Abdominal 11, caudal 12, which, with the hypural, number 24. First five vertebre with neural spines flattened laterally and forming a more or less continuous crest. Parapophyses very large; wide and thin at the edges. Developed on all abdominal vertebrae, growing gradually larger and more nearly horizontal anteriorly, until the third is reached, thence scarcely dimin- ishing in size to the atlas. : A process developed from each anterior zygapophysis, which is anky- losed with its fellow of the opposite side, forming an arch over neural cord, and extending obliquely forward to neural spine. A spine developed from each posterior zygapophysis pointing obliquely backward and overlapping outer edge of that from anterior zy gapophysis. 1The arches described as straightened out for examination, not as in natural posi- tion with the supericr pharyngeals turned downward. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Inferior zygapophyses developed as large spines, each anterior spine the longer and pointing obliquely forward; each posterior pointing obliquely backward at right angles, meeting it at its middle. Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines of two preceding vertebre and two auxiliary spines substituting neural spine of first preceding vertebra. First rib very small, placed’ on second vertebra. Second, two or three times as long and abruptly widened at its upper end. Others normal. Four epipleurals only present. First placed on first vertebra, unac- companied by arib. Other three on first three ribs. OSTEOLOGY OF SPHYRAINA ARGENTEA. Cranium elongate and narrow, forming a narrow isosceles triangle, as viewed from above. Supraoccipital scarcely interposed between exoccipitals. Its crest extending far back as a thin plate of bone, dividing into numerous bristle-like filaments. Exoccipitals meeting above basioccipital, completely surrounding foramen magnum. Exoccipitals and basioccipital produced backward, elongating fora- men magnum, which runs tunnel-like into brain cavity. Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital, their posterior ends overlapping epioties. Epiotics extending backward in bristle-like filaments similar to supraoccipital. Upper limb of posttemporal firmly attached to upper part of epiotic process rather than to main part of bone. Opisthotics sending a spinelike process backward, to base of which lower limb of post-temporal rather loosely attaches itself by ligament. Prootics produced anteriorly in a spinelike process. Sphenotics large, separated from frontal at middle portion by a large foramen. Alisphenoids meeting at their upper edges. They restrict the anterior opening into brain case to a comparatively small foramen. Basisphenoid present, a foramen between it and basis cranii, its descending process reaching to and broadly attaching to parasphenoid. Myodome present, not opening to exterior at posterior end. Vrontals elongate, covering two-thirds of length of skull. Prefrontals very elongate, the olfactory foramen within their poste- rior fourth. Ethmoid entirely superior in position, overlying anterior part of pre- frontals and posterior part of vomer, forming edge of rostrum between prefrontals and vomer. Nasals long, channeled rods of bone fully one third length of cranium firmly attached in a groove between frontals and prefrontals and con- tinued along upper part of ethmoid and vomer. No. 1178. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STALKS. 8) Suborbital ring formed of a very large preorbital and the usual chain of small suborbitals tunneled with sensory canal. Bones of suspensorium and opercular apparatus typical in their rela- tive positions. Palatine process very strong and heavy, its lower edge sharp, sup- porting a single row of teeth. Metapterygoid rather thick, united by suture for whole length of its attachment with hyomandibular. No foramen between. Symplectic attached to metapterygoid at its upper end by subdentate suture. Angular present, rather small. Coronoid bone well developed. Maxillary and premaxillary so attached to each other as to allow little play between them. Maxillary with a well developed supplemental bone which bears a knob on its posterior edge. Teeth of palatine and jaws, except anterior teeth of lower jaw and premaxillary, set deep in grooves, which are subdivided for each tooth forming semisockets.' The exceptions noted isolated and set in true sockets. The rooted portion of each tooth as great or greater than the exposed portion. Clavicle turning forward at an angle slightly above pectoral fin. Pectoral superior in position, its upper ray working directly npon hypercoracoid. Actinosts moderate in size, all attached to hypercoracoid except half of lower one. Hypercoracoid barely touching clavicle at its upper end, arching widely away from it and strongly attaching to it at its lower end. At its upper superior portion a process projects backward past end of actinosts. Postclavicle consisting of two parts. Supraclavicle of moderate size. Hypohyals united to ceratohyals by sutures. Glossohyal rod-like, rather stout and elongate. Urohyal divided into three long processes extending backward beyond posterior ends of branchiostegals. These subdivided into bristle-like filaments. Branchiostegals seven in number. Basibranchials three in number, the anterior one in front of that of first arch, the posterior ones supporting both second and third arches. Superior pharyngeals four, including the moderate suspensory pharyngeal, the two posterior forming an elongate ovate patch, but not anchylosed. First two interneurals of spinous dorsal not anchylosed, as is com- monly the case. ‘Somewhat similar to the posterior teeth in the jaws of a crocodile. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Interhemals evenly graduated in length from behind forward, the anterior one not differentiated. Vertebral formula: Abdominal, 13; caudal, 11, which, with the hypu- ral, are 24. ; Atlas short, the succeeding vertebrie elongate and rather smooth, without deep pits, and much constricted in the middle. Anterior and posterior zygapophyses well developed. Parapophyses not developed anterior to ninth vertebra. Evidence apparent of hypural having been developed from two pos- terior vertebre. Hypural assisted in bearing caudal fin by spines from two preceding vertebra and some detached auxiliary spines taking the place of neural spine of first preceding vertebra. . Lateral processes from hypural large and flat, forming a keel. Last pair of ribs firmly anchylosed with last pair of parapophyses. Epipleurals present. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. SIGNIFICANCE OF REFERENCE LETTERS USED ON PLATES. [From drawings by Chloe Lesley Starks. } als. Alisphenoid. pas. Parasphenoid. bo. Basioccipital. p. Parietal. bs. Basisphenoid. pro. Prootie. epo. UEpiotie. pto. Pterotic. e. Ethmoid. pf. Prefrontal. eo. Exoccipital. spo. Sphenotic. fr. Frontal. so. Supraoccipital. na. Nasal. v. Vomer. ; opo. Opisthotic. PLATE I. Superior views of the crania of Sphyrena argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and Mugil cephalus. PuatE II. Lateral views of the crania of Sphyrewna argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and Mugil cephalus. Pirate III. Posterior views of the crania of Sphyrena argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and Mugil cephalus. : | Pies PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XxXIl NATIONAL MUSEUM U. S. “O| a9Vd 33S aLlvid AO NOILVNV1dx3 4YO4 “SNTVHd39 TIONIA (€) GNV ‘SISNSINYOSI1VO SISMAONINSHLY (2) ‘VALNADUV VNIYAHdS (Lt) JO VINVYD 4O SMAIA YHOINSdNS nm =—N lo ;- ZEEE M pes a E Sz aS M T \ 2 <7 S Shh ba gn en U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. II — = SSS 7 SSS > ——_— = SS a LATERAL VIEWS OF CRANIA OF (1) SPHYRAENA ARGENTEA, (2) ATHERINOPSIS CALIFORNIENSIS, AND (3) MUGIL CEPHALUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10. Palo Bay U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. Ill SS ~ = N POSTERIOR VIEWS OF CRANIA OF (1) SPHYRAENA ARGENTEA, (2) ATHERINOPSIS CALIFORNIENSIS, AND (3) MUGIL CEPHALUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10. NOTES ON BIRDS FROM THE CAMEROONS DISTRICT, WEST AFRICA. By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. The U.S. National Museum has recently acquired a small collection of birds made by Mr. G. L. Bates in the Cameroons District of West Africa. At the request of the curator of the Division of Birds the writer has prepared the following report upon this collection which, though it contains no novelties, comprises several species of consider- able interest; and the data from the labels has been supplemented by such critical remarks upon the specimens as the circumstances appear to make desirable, including the creation of a new genus for the recep- tion of the species commonly known as Andropadus virens. The 59 specimens are referable to 32 species, and are nearly all from Efulen—or Ebfulla, as it is called on German maps—in the Njondo River region, about 100 miles inland. Only two specimens, one each of Ceratogymna atrata and Actitis hypoleuca, are from elsewhere, they coming from Batanga on the coast. The dates of collecting range from May 30 to August 3, but a large proportion of the specimens were taken in June. Family SCOLOPACID &. ACTITIS HYPOLEUCA (Linnzus). Tringa hypoleucos LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149. Actilis hypoleucos ILLIGER, Prodr., 1811, p. 262. One specimen in worn plumage, taken at Batanga, August 3, 1895. Family TRERONID&. VINAGO CALVA (Temminck and Knip). Columba calva TEMMINCK and KnipP, Pig., I, 1808, p. 35, pl. 7. Vinago calva STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., XI, Pt. 1, 1819, p. 117. One male, undoubtedly adult, although the gray collar on the hind neck is rather indistinct, being strongly tinged with the olive green of the upper surface. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1180. 11 Ly PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII Family ALCEDINID. HALCYON MALIMBICUS (Shaw). Alcedo malimbica SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 66. Halcyon malimbica Cassin, Cat. Haleyon. Phila. Mus., 1852, p. 8. One adult male. Although Dr. Reichenow does not include’ this form among the birds of the Cameroons District, there seems to be little doubt of the correct identification of the present specimen, as it agrees perfectly with the plate and description given by Dr. Sharpe.’ The present locality must be quite or at least very near the northern limit of the range of malimbicus, which probably passes thence into Halcyon malimbicus forbesi, the latter occupying the region from at least the Cameroons Mountains northward to Sierra Leone, and in turn replaced in Senegambia by Haicyon malimbicus torquatus. HALCYON SENEGALENSIS (Linnzus). Alcedo senegalensis LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 180. Halcyon senegalensis SwAINson, Birds W. Afr., II, 1837, p. 97. Two specimens, one of which, though nearly adult, still retains some indications of immature plumage. The maxilla is red, save for a dusky spot on each side at the base and a narrow blackish line along the apical two-thirds of the culmen. The flanks are distinctly barred with dusky; the sides of the head, including the superciliary region, together with the nape and occiput, have a conspicuous wash of bluish, and the whole upper surface, particularly the anterior portion, is darker and duller than in the fully adult. Family BUCEKROTID 48. LOPHOCEROS FASCIATUS (Shaw). Bueeros fasciatus SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 34. Lophoceros fasciatus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., II, 1860, p. 168. A pair of adult birds is in the collection. The greater size of the male is very conspicuous in the bill. CERATOGYMNA ATRATA (Temminck). Buceros atratus TEMMINCK, PI. Col., II, 1834, p. 69, pl. 558. Ceratogymna atrata SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 51. One specimen, a fine adult male, with molt not quite completed. This bird was shot in the forest 10 miles east of Batanga. 1 Journ. fiir Ornith., 1896, p. 55. 2Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 247, pl. 6, fig. 3. NO, 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 13 Family CAPITONID4. GYMNOBUCCO CALVUS (Lafresnaye). Bueco calvus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 241. Gymnobucco calvus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 141. Two specimens, male and female, June 11, 1895. Both of these indi- viduals are typical of the so-called Gymnobucco peli, and are undoubt- edly adults. From examination of these and from comparison with an adult specimen of true G. calvus from Fantee, the writer is very strongly inclined to consider Dr. Sharpe correct in his opinion of the specific distinctness of G. peli. That they are sexes of the same species seems unlikely if any reliance is to be placed upon the sexing of collectors. The examples at hand indicate that calvus is in all its dimensions a decidedly larger bird than peli, this difference of dimensions conspicu- ous in the bill. It lacks entirely the tufts of nasal bristles so conspicu- ous in peli, and the scattered bristles on the top of the head are much fewer in number. The number of specimens at present available is too limited, however, to warrant a definite opinion, and final disposition of the question must necessarily be deferred until a sufficient series prop- erly sexed can be brought together. TRICHOLAZMA GABONENSE Shelley. Tricholema gabonense SHELLEY, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XXIX, October, 1895, p. iii. An adult female of this little known but very distinct species is con- tained in the present collection. As no detailed description of the species appears to have been published, the following, taken from this example, is added: Top of head black, thickly spotted with greenish yellow; remainder of upper parts, including wings and tail, sepia brown; the back -and wing-coverts with roundish markings of greenish yellow; wing-quills (excepting outer primaries), tail- feathers, and upper tail-coverts margined externally with greenish yellow, this most golden on the wings, most greenish on the tail-coverts; sides of head black mottled with white; throat white, the feathers with shaft markings of brownish black; rest of lower parts dull yellowish green, the feathers of the jugulum with narrow black shaft lines and hair-like tips; the breast and abdomen with roundish spots of dark brown, these expanding into bars posteriorly. Family PICID AS. MESOPICOS XANTHOLOPHUS Hargitt. Dendropicus cantholophus HARGITT, Ibis, 1883, p. 173. Mesopicus xantholophus HARGItTT, Ibis, 1883, p. 421. One specimen of this rare species is contained in the collection. Although sexed as a female, the yellow feathers on the occiput seem to indicate its being a male. Otherwise it is apparently typical, though its measurements are rather small. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou.xx | DENDROMUS PERMISTUS (Reichenow). Picus (Campothera) permistus REICHENOW, Journ. fiir Orn., 1876, p. 97. Campethera permista SHARPE and BUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 312. The single example is an adult male. It differs from an Angola female in the U. 8S. National Museum by reason of its brighter green upper surface and deeper color below—the latter particularly noticeable posteriorly—and by its somewhat smaller size. Should a satisfactory series prove these differences to be sufficiently constant, the Cameroons form, provisionally established on smaller .size by Dr. Sjostedt,' must be known as Dendromus permistus pumilus. The generic term Dendromus Swainson, 1837, pmirad nies by several years Campethera Gray, 1841, and should be used for the group which in current usage passes under the name Campothera. There is no more reason for rejecting Dendromus on the ground of a former Dendromys? than there would be to refuse Pica on account of a previous Prcus, for Dendromus is derived from dévdpov and Spopos, while Dendromys comes from dévdpor and js, the terminal elements involving more than mere grammatical endings, although as latinized they differ only in a single letter. Family TKOGONID 4. APALODERMA NARINA (Levaillant). Couroucou narina LEVAILLANT, Ois. d’Afr., V, 1806, p. 73. Apaloderma narina SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, p. 337. The single specimen is an immature male, and differs from all the other examples of this form with which it has been compared in the color of the upper surface, which is clear grass-green, with scarcely a trace of the bronzy tinge so evident in ordinary specimens. Otherwise it is apparently typical, the wing-coverts being broadly edged with green, thus showing no approach to constantia. Family PYCNONOTID 4.’ BLEDA‘ ICTERINA (Bonaparte). Trichophorus icterinus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 262 (ex Temminck, manuscript). One aduit male, in breeding plumage. This species is commonly placed in the genus Criniger, and by Captain Shelley® in Pyrrhurus, but in pattern of coloration, as well as in structural characters, it is so ‘Ornith. Monatsberichte, II, 1894, p. 35. 2Smith, Zool. Journ., [V, 1829, p. 439. 5 Brachypodide is certainly untenable as a family name for this group if the genus Brachypodius, upon which it is founded, be considered a synonym of Microtarsus. Even if Brachypodius is distinct, the proper designation for the family is apparently Pycnonotide, since it seems to have been the name first used. 4 For the use of this name, see Richmond, Auk., XVI, April, 1899, p. 183. > Birds of Africa, 1, 1896, p. 64. NO. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 15 per fect | a miniature of Xenocichla (= Bleda) syndactyla that Cassin apparently was quite right in calling it a Xenocichla (— Bleda). With regard to the specific name, however, it seems to the present writer unnecessary to reject icterina of Bonaparte for tricolor of Cassin solely on account of a previous icterica in the same genus; for the two names are sufficiently distinct, both actually and etymologically, not to cause any serious confusion. EURILLAS,! new genus. Chars. gen.— Genus generi “Andropadus” dicto simile, a quo differt rostro latiore et depressiore, naribus rotundatis. Type.—Andropadus virens Cassin. The type of the genus Andropadus is A. importunus (Vieillot), from which A. virens differs so much in structural characters that its generic separation seems necessary. The very much broader, more depressed bill, oval instead of slit-like nostrils, are very distinctive. The tomia are scarcely or not at all incurved, and the closed bill is thus without the groove which is so conspicuous along the commissure of Andropadus importunus. The outline of the culmen is nearly straight until near the tip, while in Andropadus it is curved almost from the base. The rictal bristles are also more strongly developed in Eurillas. From other related genera, except Stelgidillas,’ Eurillas may easily be distinguished by the serrations of the subterminal portion of the cutting edge of the maxilla, and from Stelgidillas by the short, broad, and much-depressed bill. Of the other species commonly referred to Andropadus, only latiros- tris has been examined, so that with this exception it has not been pos- sible to determine where they should be placed. EURILLAS VIRENS (Cassin). Andropadus virens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 34. Two specimens. Although both are apparently adults, one is much more brownish both above and below. EURILLAS LATIROSTRIS (Strickland). Andropadus latirostris STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 100. One specimen. There may be some doubt about the advisability of referring this species to Hurillas, for in some characters it is aberrant; but it certainly is not an Andropadus, and, unless a separate genus be created for its reception, is apparently best placed as above. PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS GABONENSIS (Sharpe). Pycnonotus gabonensis SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 132, pl. vu, fig. 1. Three specimens, practically identical in plumage, except that one has almost no tinge of yellow on the crissum. The much darker shade of all brown portions of the plumage easily distinguishes this form from | Evpvs, latus; 7AAds, turdus. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 130. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. true barbatus ; but intermediate specimens, from the region of the river Niger,' make necessary its reduction to subspecific rank. An example in the U. S. National Museum collection, from Fantee, is intermediate, but apparently nearer gabonensis. Family MUSCICAPID Ai. STIZORHINA FRASERI (Strickland). Muscicapa fraseri STRICKLAND, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 101. Stizorhina fraseri OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1899, p. 213. Two specimens. Both are sexed as males, but one is noticeably paler both above and below, having also much less rusty on the superior wing-coverts, is slightly smaller, and may possibly be a female. TCHITREA VIRIDIS (Miiller). Muscicapa viridis MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 171. Muscicapa cristata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 938. One specimen of this puzzling species is in the collection. The head is metallic greenish blue, as is also the throat, which shades off gradu- ally into the bluish slate of the abdomen and crissum; the back and well-developed tail are rufous. . This is the species commonly called Terpsiphone cristata, but Miiller’s name viridis has twelve years’ priority, and should not be ignored. ARTOMYIAS FULIGINOSA J. and EK. Verreaux. Artomyias fuliginosa J. and FE. VERREAUX, Journ. f. Orn., March, 1855, p. 104. One specimen, in rather poor plumage, taken June 8, 1895. It is marked female. DIAPHOROPHYIA CASTANEA (Fraser). Platysteira castanea FRASER, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 141. Diaphorophyia castanea SHARPE, Ibis, 1873, p. 172. ; Three specimens. Two are adult males in breeding plumage; the other is apparently a young female. It differs from the adult female in being rather darker above, the head dull grayish brown instead of bluish gray; the burnt-sienna brown of throat and jugulum much mixed with whitish. Family NECTARINIID 2. ANTHREPTES FRASERI Jardine and Selby. Anthreptes frasert JARDINE and SELBY, III. Orn., 1842, new ser., pl. 52. One specimen, apparently an adult female, taken June 15, 1895. This rare sunbird does not seem ever to have been recorded north of — Gaboon, and thus is a very interesting addition, to the fauna of the Cameroons District. 1} Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 147. NO. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 17 CINNYRIS OBSCURA (Jardine). Nectarinia obscurc, JARDINE, Monogr. Sunbirds, 1842, p. 253. Cinnyris obscurus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407. In the series of seven specimens there is comparatively little indi- vidual color difference. ‘The upper parts in some are rather more tinged with brownish; the under surface varies somewhat in the extent and shade of the greenish wash; but otherwise they are alike. There is, however, a considerable variation in measurements. A specimen in the U.S. Museum collection, from Fantee, is noticeably more brownish both above and below, and suggests the possibility of the existence of a northern race. Family PLOCEIDA. MALIMBUS MALIMBICUS (Daudin). Tanagra malimbica (male) DAuDIN, Ann. du Mus., I, 1802, p. 151, pl. 10, fig. 1. Malimbus malimbicus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 480. The single specimen is an adult male in perfect plumage. It is apparently identical with an example from Fantee, and as compared with this does not exhibit the restriction of black on the forehead which is stated by Dr. Sharpe to characterize the Camerocns birds. SPORAEGINTHUS MELPODUS (Vieillot). Fringilla melpoda VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, p. 177. Sporaeginthus melpodus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 325. Two specimens, June 26, 1895,in immature plumage. As this con- dition differs somewhat from that of the adult, and appears to be unknown, the following description is offered: Above, including wing- coverts, light chocolate brown, duller and rather darker on the head, but without conspicuous contrast; upper tail-coverts dull red; wing: quills fuscous, narrowly margined with paler; tail sepia, the outer feathers tipped and broadly edged externally with brownish gray; sides of head orange, this color deepest on the lores and paling to yel- low on the posterior auriculars; throat and sides of neck light gray; remainder of lower parts dull buff, palest anteriorly; lining ot wing buff. PYRENESTES COCCINEUS Cassin. Pyrenestes coccineus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 67. Two adult males in the comparatively rare black plumage. One of these, taken June 27, is in process of molt, this being most conspicuous in the feathers of head and tail. Hamily HIRUNDINID i. PSALIDOPROCNE NITENS (Cassin), Alticora nitens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 38. Psalidoprocne nitens SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 291. Two specimens. Both have the throat sooty brown, a character mentioned by Dr. Sharpe! as peculiar to the birds from Gaboon and 'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 204. Proc. N. M., vol. xxii 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. the Cameroons. No other specimens are at present available for com- parison, so that it is impossible to add anything to his remarks. One of the present examples, probably an immature bird, has a conspicuous brownish tinge to the entire plumage, this most noticeable below, the abdomen being almost entirely devoid of any greenish shade. Family DICRURIDZi. DICRURUS MODESTUS Hartlaub. Dicrurus modestus HARTLAUB, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1849, p. 495. One adult male, June 5, 1895. In process of molt, this particularly observable in the feathers of the wings, tail, throat, and sides of head. This example is slightly less velvety above than others of the same species, in this respect appearing to be somewhat intermediate between true modestus of Gaboon and atactus! from Liberia and Fantee. Family LANITD.4. NICATOR CHLORIS (Lesson). ’ Tchagra chloris Lesson, Traité d@’Orn., 1831, p. 373. Nicator chloris FINSCH AND HARTLAUB, V6g. Ostafr., 1870, p. 360. One specimen, apparently identical with others from Fantee and Gaboon CHAUNONOTUS SABINEI Gray. Thamnophilus sabinei J. E.GRAy, Zool. Misc., I, p. 6. Chaunonotus sabinei J. E. GRAY, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1X, 1837, p. 487. One specimen, July 15, 1895, with molt not quite completed. The structural characters of this species seem quite sufficient to warrant its generic separation from Dryoscopus. DRYOSCOPUS LEUCORHYNCHUS Hartlaub. Telephonus leucorhynchus HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 108. Dryoscopus leucorhynchus HARTLAUB, Orn. W. Aff., 1857, p. 112. One specimen, differing from a Gaboon example in having less of the brownish tinge, this appreciable throughout the plumage, and in hav- ing a shorter tail; but whether these differences are geographical or merely individual is not possible to determine from the material at hand. TELOPHONUS AUSTRALIS USSHERI (Sharpe). Laniarius ussheri SHARPE, Layard’s Birds S. Africa, 1882, p. 397. Telophonus ussheri GADow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, p. 124. One male, June 14. The specific distinctness of Telophonus australis. from Telophonus senegalus appears to be perfectly weil established on 2 the differences mentioned by Dr. Gadow;” and the latter is also darker, 'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 35. ?Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, p. 124. No. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 19 duller below, with a much more deeply ochraceous superciliary stripe. Telophonus australis usshert seems to be a very good race, and some additional characters separating it from true australis are the darker shade of the upper surface, the rather lighter, less ochraceous super- ciliary stripe, and much paler auriculars. In the present specimen of ussheri the dark bars on the two middle tail feathers are much more indistinct than on any of the examples of australis available for com- parison. The specific name australis appears to be the correct one for the bird commonly known as Telophonus trivirgatus, since Malaconotus australis Smith! bas thirteen years priority over the same author’s trivirgatus. Family ORIOLID. ORIOLUS NIGRIPENNIS Verreaux. Oriolus nigripennis VERREAUX, Journ. f. Orn., 1855, p. 105. Two specimens in adult plumage. This species is, besides its other points of difference, very much more yellowish green above than either Oriolus larvatus or Oriolus larvatus brachyrhynchus. Family PRIONOPID 4. FRASERIA OCHREATA (Strickland). Tephrodornis ochreatus STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 102. Fraseria ochreata HARTLAUB, Orn. West Afr., 1857, p. 102. Five specimens, two adults and three more or less immature. The former are sexed as males, and are apparently typical. One of them has a broad white tip to one of the right scapulars—evidently an albinistic marking. The immature birds differ in being rather lighter and browner above, with narrow fulvous tips to the greater wing-cov- erts, and in being washed with ochraceous below, most conspicuously on the breast and jugulum, though in one example quite strongly over nearly all the lower surface. The squamations on the chest are much less distinct than in the adult, being rather narrower, as well as paler and more brownish, Whether or not Fraseria should be included among the Prionopidse may well be questioned, but its scutellated tarsus indicates that it is not a thrush, although it has been placed in the family Turdide by Captain Shelley.’ ‘Rep. Expl. Exped. Cent. Afr., 1836, p. 44. 2 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 83 vhs. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF TORTOISES FROM THE TERTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES. By O. P. Hay. The species first to be described was collected by Mr. Charles Schu- chert, assistant curator, division of stratigraphic paleontology, U.S. National Museum. The specimen was found in the Zeuglodon beds of the Jackson formation of the Eocene, in Choctaw County, Alabama, near Cocoa post-office, on land belonging to Mr. James Brown. In the immediate vicinity, Mr. Schuchert collected also a nearly complete skeleton of Basilosaurus (Zeuglodon), some bones of Dorudon, and ver- tebre of the snake which has been described and figured by Mr. F. A. Lucas ! as Pterosphenus schucherti. The turtle was found lying imbedded in the rock with the plastron downward. The upper portion of the carapace had been planed off by denudation down to the upper borders of the marginals. It is there- fore impossible to determine the character of the neural and costal bones and of the various superior epidermal scutes. The remainder of the shell was intact, or nearly so, when excavated; but, in spite of careful packing, it suffered much in shipment to the National Museum. However, notwithstanding its broken condition, it has, under the intel- ligent supervision of Mr. Lucas, the Curator of the Division of Com- parative Anatomy, been so skillfully restored that little is left to be desired, so far as the plastron and most of the marginals are con- cerned. To Mr. Lucas I am indebted for the opportunity to study and describe this interesting relic. I have assigned this species provisionally to the genus Hadrianus of Cope. It undoubtedly belongs there, or to Testudo, or to some closely related genus. In order to determine this question definitely we need to have the upper portion of the shell. An examination of the diagram of the shell of Testudo ibera given by Boulenger? shows that the neurals and costals of this genus have undergone peculiar modifications. The neurals are alternately quadrate and octagonal, while the outer ends 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1898, X XI, p. 637. 2 Catalogue of Chelonians, p. 151. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1181. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. of the costals are alternately very wide and very narrow. In Hadri- anus the elements of the carapace have not attained such differentiation. The species here described is named in honor of its discoverer. It will therefore be known as HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI. The total length of the shell of this tortoise was originally close to 75 em. (30 inches); its width, 52.5 cm. (21 inches). As will be seen from an inspection of Plate IV, the lateral borders of the shell are nearly straight, and parallel with each other. In front of the forelegs the margins round rapidly into the anterior border, so that in front the carapace is quite truncate. The hinder border approaches a segment of a circle. Neither the anterior nor the posterior margin is to any degree serrated. The marginals rise on the side of the carapace to a height of 10 em. The passage from the lower surface of the shell to the upper is quite abrupt; but this is due to a considerable extent, at least, to distortion from pressure. In living forms of Testudo the upper portion of the shell usually rounds gradually into the lower portion. The borders of the carapace over the openings for the posterior limbs are gently reverted; over the openings for the lower limbs the carapace is somewhat more strongly reverted. The caudal marginal appears to have descended without any upward flare. The plastron is concave; it has a length of 67.5 em. On a line 25 mm. in front of the axillary notch the width of the anterior lobe of the plastron is 28cm. The tip of the lobe is prolonged into an obtuse angle. The tip is considerably thickened in front, but the borders are rather acute. The tip of the lobe was not prolonged in front of the carapace. In Hadrianus octonarius, the type of the genus, the plastron ends in front in a very broad and truncate lip. The width of the bridge is slightly more than one-third the length of the plastron. Measured on a line 25 mm. behind the inguinal notches, the width of the hinder lobe of the plastron is 30 em. This lobe is deeply notched on its hinder border. The posterior angles may, how- ever, have been somewhat more rounded than in the restoration. The entoplastron has a width of 15 em. Its hinder border can not be accurately traced, but its position was not greatly different from that represented by the dotted line on Plate V. The other bony ele- ments of the plastron have their boundaries shown on the same plate by means of the continuous zigzag lines. ‘They present no essential variations in form or position from those of modern species of Testudo. The conformation of the epidermal scutes, whose sutures are shown by the stippled lines in Plate V, is not, so far as can be determined with certainty, essentially different from that of the shields of recent species of Testudo. The gulars did not encroach on the territory of the ento- plastron. The humero-pectoral suture runs straight across the plastron until it approaches the axillary notch, when it turns abruptly forward. No. 1181. NEW SPECIES OF TORTOISES—HAY. 93 The pectoral shields are extremely narrow in the middle line, but they widen right and left. The suture between the right and the left abdom- inal shields is very long, being contained in the length of the plastron only two and one-half times. There is present on each side an evident inguinal shield, and there were probably axillary shields, but they can not be demonstrated. I am not able to determine with certainty the position of the suture between the marginal shields and those of the plastron. In Testudo and its immediate allies this suture is well up on the marginal bones. In other genera, as Geomyda and Clemmys, it is located near the outer border of the plastral bones. In H. schucherti the suture between the pectorals and the abdominals gives off, near the outer border of the hyoplastron, what seems plainly to be a branch which is directed forward. This branch seems to me to be the anterior end of the suture between the plastral and the marginal shields. Ifsuch it is, it is quite different in position from that of species of Testudo. In the type of Hadrianus, a large and quite perfect shell, the sutures between the epidermal shields are very deep and distinet, but the sutures between the bones are usually very obscure. Nevertheless, I believe that here too the epidermal suture referred to lies on the plas- tral bones. : The second species of turtle to be described comes from coal-bearing strata of Miocene age. The particular locality is mine No. 4, near Roslyn, Washington. This town is located in Kittitass County, at the eastern base of the Cascade range of mountains. The deposit in which the turtle was found is known as the Roslyn sandstone. The preser- vation of the fine specimen is due to the intelligent interest of Mr. P. Y. Heckman, of Roslyn, from whom it was obtained for the U.S. National Museum. The Museum is indebted to Dr. F. H. Knowlton for his friendly offices in securing this species. The specimen displays only the upper surface of the shell; but this is almost entire and almost uninjured. Itis probable that the plastron is also present, but the matrix is so refractory that it has been thought best not to attempt to remove it. After a careful study of the carapace I have been unable to assign it to any of the described genera of Testu- dines. I therefore venture to propose a new genus for its reception. The specific name I derive from the collector of the specimen. The name of this new form is ACHERONTEMYS HECKMANI. Generic characters.—Carapace broad, rather depressed. Neural bones about as broad as long; mostly hexagonal, with the antero-lateral sides much shorter than the postero lateral. A single very broad pygal. Marginals 23 in number, coinciding with the outer ends of the cos- tals, instead of alternating with them. Vertebral shields very broad. Name derived from Acheron, a river of the fabled lower world, and emys, a turtle. ; Specific characters.—Carapace broad, rounded in front and behind. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. No evidences of serrations on the border behind. Median line appar- ently occupied by a keel of low bosses. Surface of the carapace mostly smooth, with the impressions of the shield sutures distinct; areas occupied by costal shields with some longitudinal wrinkles. First neural nearly square; the eighth pentag- onal, with the anterior side very short. The single pygal extremely broad, extending across three marginals. The nuchal is considerably broader than long. Marginals quadrate; the lateral ones each placed opposite the end of a costal. The second and third vertebral shields enormous, extending laterally beyond the middle of the costals, the anterior border of the second vertebral occupying its usual position. Its hinder border thrown back to the hinder border of the third neural. The hinder border of the third vertebral not crossing the fifth neural, the usual position, but thrown backward to near the hinder border of the sixth neural. The fourth neural is thus made very concave in front. Costal shie!ds narrow, not one-half as wide as the contiguous verte- brals, alternate sutures between lateral marginal shields coinciding with sutures of costal shields. As to the relationships of this genus we can say nothing certain until we have at least had an opportunity to study the plastron. Neverthe- less its affinities appear to be with the Chelydridz, and we may place it there provisionally. It is of interest to compare the figure on Plate VI with the diagrams of the carapaces of Chelydra and Macroclemmys, found in Boulengevr’s Catalogue of Chelonians.! The carapaces of all three genera have the same general form; in all, the neural bones are closely similar; in all, the marginals lie opposite the outer ends of the costals, instead of alternating with the latter. In Cheiydra and Macro- clemmys, however, there are more or less extensive fontanelles between the costals and marginals. In both, the vertebral shields are of mod- erate width; in both, the hinder border of the shellis serrated. Length of the carapace, 181 mm; its width, 118 mm. Certain described genera of fossil turtles display vertebral shields as broad, perhaps, as those of the form here described. Among these may be mentioned Hylwochelys, which is figured by Dr. Lydekker.2 In this genus, however, the neural bones are long and narrow. Plesiochelys, a figure of which may be found in Zittel’s Handbuch, page 545, also has very broad vertebral shields; but here again the neurals are nar- row. Platychelys* is also furnished with broad vertebrals, but it is in many respects different from Acherontemys. The neurals are very irreg- ular in form and size; the carapace has a different form and is covered with large bosses. It is to be hoped that Mr. Heckman will be able, through the miners — in his employ, to secure other specimens of this species, so that the structure of the plastron may be determined. 1 Pages 22, 25. * Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Pt. 3, p. 188, fig. 43. 3’ Lydekker, Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Pt. 3, p. 217, fig. 48; Zittel, Handbuch, III, p. 538, tig. 499. IV Rie PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIl NATIONAL MUSEUM U. S. HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI. ae Bae ea ene Pv en suse U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIl PEW. HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI. me U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. Vi ACHERONTEMYS HECKMANI. x65. Bin tn ct naly A LIST OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY MR. R. P. CURRIE IN LIBERIA. By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. Although Mr. Currie’s trip to Liberia, under the auspices of the United States National Museum, was largely devoted to the collecting of insects, he nevertheless managed during his sojourn in that country, trom February 1 until May 10, 1897, to obtain a small series of birds. These specimens, 57 in number, were referred to the writer for deter- mination and report. They prove to represent 39 forms, 4 of which are here described as new, while another, Dryotriorchis spectabilis, is sufficiently rare to be worthy of special mention. AJ] the matter between quotation marks, together with the data relating to length, extent, colors of the unfeathered parts, as well as the Liberian, or English, and Golah, or native, names are from Mr. Currie’s notes. The writer is also in debted to him for information respecting the locality at which the birds were secured. Mount Coffee, where Mr. Currie’s collecting was done, is one of the numerous low hills along the St. Paul River, about 25 miles from Monrovia. The land, which begins to rise near the coast, attains in the vicinity of Mount Coffee an altitude of from 400 to 500 feet. The greater portion of the region is covered with heavy tropical forest, interrupted here and there by small clearings. The undergrowth in the forest is not particularly heavy, but abandoned rice fields are, under the influence of the hot, moist climate, rapidly converted into impenetrable thickets. The river, here about 100 yards in width, flows with considerable current over an exceedingly rocky bed and receives the tribute of numerous minor streams. These latter, particularly when they run through the forest, are, like the clearings, favorite resorts for birds. Family CURSORIID 44. GALACHRYSIA MARCHEI (Oustalet). Glareola marchei OUSTALET, Bull. Soc. Philom., I, 1877, p. 104. Galactochrysea marchit SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 726. Two adult males and an immature female, all taken along the St. Paul River. The two adults measure, respectively: Length, 180.6, 185.6 mm.; expanse, 450, 465.5 mm. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII-—No. 1182. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Family RALLIDZ. SAROTHRURA PULCHRA (Gray). Crex pulchra J. E. GRAY, in Griffith’s ed. Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., Aves, pp. 410, 542. Sarothrura pulchra STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 148. One adult male of this pretty rail is in the collection. Length, 177 mm.; expanse, 254.5 mm. ‘Bill dark horn or blackish, paler at base beneath; feet black.” Family PHASIANID. FRANCOLINUS AHANTENSIS Temminck. Francolinus ahantensis TEMMINCK, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., I, 1854, p. 49, pl. 14. One adult female. Length, 353 mm.; expanse, 534mm. The Eng- lish name of the species is ‘‘Guinea fowl” in Liberia; in the Golah dialect it is ‘“‘Chine-chilo.” Family FALCONID Zs. DRYOTRIORCHIS SPECTABILIS (Schlegel). Astur spectabilis SCHLEGEL, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1864, p. 13, pl. 6. Dryotriorchis spectabilis SHARPE,' Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 279. One fine adult example of this rare hawk is in the collection. The entire upper surface, excepting the tail and the wing quills, has a dis- tinct slaty cast; otherwise this individual agrees perfectly with pub- lished descriptions. Length, 546 mm.; expanse, 953 mm. It was shot in the forest, and was in the act of swallowing a green snake, part of which was subsequently found in its throat. Mr. Currie states that it was very tame and unsuspicious. Golah name of the species, ‘See- pwah.” The specimen obtained by Mr. Currie is apparently the ninth of which any record has been published. All of these have come from a restricted area on the western coast of Africa extending only from Liberia to Gaboon. A list of those previously recorded is here added: 1. One specimen from Elmina, Gold Coast. Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1864, p. 13, 1. 6. 2. oe adult, from the interior of Fantee. Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90. 3. One young, from Gaboon. Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 621. 4. One adult female, from the Du Queah River, Liberia. Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., VIII, 1886, p. 246. 5. One adult male, from Schieffelinsville, Liberia. Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., X, 1888, p. 65. 6. One specimen, from Barombi, Cameroons. Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1895, p. 102. 7. One, from Sebbe, Togo, alive in the Berlin Zoological Garden. Ornith. Monats- berichte, II, 1894, p. 128; Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1895, p. 102. 8. One female, from Victoria, Cameroons. Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1896, p. 7. ‘The authority for this combination is usually quoted as Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90, but Dr. Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 279), seems to have been the first actually to write Dryotriorchis spectabilis. NO. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. Del Family MUSOPHAGID 4. TURACUS MACRORHYNCHUS (Fraser). Corythaix macrorhynchus FRASER, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 34. Turacus macrorhynchus GRAY, Gen. Birds, II, 1845, p. 395. One adult male, taken April 22,1897. It is in fresh plumage with indications of a not quite completed molt. ‘Feet black;” length, 439 mm.; expanse, 512mm. Called ‘‘Redwing” by English-speaking Li berians. Family CUCULID A. CENTROPUS SENEGALENSIS (Linnzus). Cuculus senegalensis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 169. Centropus senegalensis KUHL and SWINDEREN, Buff. and D’Aub. Nom. Syst., 1820, p. 6. A single specimen is in the collection, a young bird just acquiring its first plumage, killed April 16,1897. Although many of the feathers are still in their sheaths, and the wings and tail very imperfectly devel- oped, a brief description of the plumage may be of interest. Head, cervix, and tail dull black, the last with ill defined brown bars; back, scapulars, and upper surface of wings bright chestnut, heavily barred with black, these bars decreasing in width and regularity on the outer feathers of the wings; under surface vinaceous cinnamon, much paler on the middle of the posterior portion. This specimen is one of two which Mr. Currie kept for some time alive. (See Plate VII.) Family CORACIIDA. EURYSTOMUS GULARIS Vieillot. Eurystomus gularis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XIX, 1819, p. 426. One specimen, a male. Length, 263 mm.; alar expanse, 516 mm. EURYSTOMUS AFER (Latham). Coracias afra LATHAM, Ind. Orn., I, 1790, p. 172. Eurystomus afra STEPHENS, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., XIII, 1826, p. 97. One male, taken in a clearing; the only one seen. Length, 260 mm.; expanse, 533 mm. Golah name, ‘ Bah-yiddie.” Family MEROPID i. MEROPS ALBICOLLIS Vieillot. Merops albicollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XIV, 1817, p. 15. Three specimens, sex uncertain. The species is reported by Mr. Cur- rietobecommon. “Bill black; feet olive-green; iris crimson.” Called ““Dry-time bird” in English; the Golah name is “‘ Way-dwa.” There is very little individual difference observable in these specimens, even in size. Two of them—one taken February 13, the other March 13— are molting the tail feathers. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. MELITTOPHAGUS GULARIS (Shaw and Nodder). Merops gularis SHaw and NoppER, Nat. Misc., IX, 1798, pl. 337. Melittophagus gularis GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1846, p. 86, pl. 30. Two specimens, male and female. “Bill and feet black; iris crim- son.” Male.—Length, 219.5 mm.; extent, 304 mm. Female.—Length, 205 mm.; extent, 297 mm. There seems to be no observable difference in color between the sexes. Family BUCEROTID &. ORTHOLOPHUS LEUCOLOPHUS (Sharpe). Berenicornis leucolophus SHARPE, Zool. Rec. for 1871, 1873, p. 54. Ortholophus leucolophus GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 426. One female, taken April 30, 1897. Length, 684 mm.; extent, 650 mm. This is an immature specimen, with black throat, and agrees with the description of the young of leucolophus given by Mr. Ogilvie- Grant,! except for the presence of a conspicuous buffy white spot on the outer webs of most of the primaries. LOPHOCEROS SEMIFASCIATUS (Hartlaub). Buceros semifasciatus HARTLAUB, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, pp. 356, 361. Lophoceros semifasciatus SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 59. A pair of adult birds is in the collection. According to Mr. Currie’s notes, both were shot in the forest near the clearing at Mount Coffee. The English-speaking Liberians call this species ‘Palm bird,” while the Golah name is ‘‘ Pwehah-pwehah.” One of the specimens was taken February 23, the other March 19, 1897; both show indications of a molt not quite completed. The naked skin on the sides of the throat is slate black, not blue, as given by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant.? The feet and the bare skin encircling the eyes are also black. Male.—Length, 600 mm.; expanse, 800 mm. Female.—Length, 570 mm.; expanse, 800 mm. HORIZOCERUS, new genus. Chars. gen.—Genus generi “Lophoceros” dicto affine, sed cauda valde cuneata, rostro prope recto, hujus cornu minimo, acute carinato, facile distinguendum. Type.— Toccus hartlaubi Gould. The strongly wedge-shaped tail, comparatively straight bill, with its very small, sharply keeled casque, to say nothing of conspicuous color differences, appear fully to justify the creation of a separate genus for 'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 426. 3 opife, limito; xépas, cornu. ?Idem., p. 401. no. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 29 bond the species commonly known as Lophoceros hartlaubi. In fact, it bears less apparent relationship to the species with which it has usually been associated than it does to Ortholophus leucolophus. From Ortholophus the present genus may be satisfactorily distinguished by the absence of a conspicuous crest, and particularly by the comparative length of the tail, which is barely longer than the wing, instead of about twice as long. HORIZOCERUS HARTLAUBI (Gould). Toccus hartlaubi GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 380. One adult male, just completing the molt, taken February 19, 1897. “Bill slate black, the tip dark red; feet slate color;” length, 406 mm.; expanse, 445 mm. The Liberian English name of this species is “‘Monkey-bird,” because of its alleged habit of following monkeys; in the Golah language it is called ‘‘ Hin-gongeh.” Family CAPITONID. BARBATULA DUCHAILLUI Cassin. Barbatula duchaillui Cassin, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1855, p. 324. One adult male. Length, 177 mm.; extent, 266 mm. “ Bill black; feet nearly so.” Family PICID/. DENDROMUS CAROLI ARIZELUS, new subspecies. Campothera caroli BUTTIKOFER, Notes Leyden Mus., VII, 1885, p. 221 (nec Mal- herbe). Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dendromus caroli, but entire under surface, including lower tail-coverts, clear uniform olive green, the spots appar- ently smaller and less numerous; these, together with superciliary stripe, lining of wing, light markings on outer webs of primaries, and inner webs of secondaries, strongly tinged with greenish, not buffy; spots on exterior webs of primaries much smaller; rufous area on side of head lighter and more yellowish; crown distinctly more olive greenish. Length, 178 mm.; expanse, 340 mm.; wing, 101 mm.; tail, 60 mm.; exposed culmen, 24 mm.; tarsus, 19 mm.; middle toe, 17 mm. Description.—Type, adult male; No. 161763, U.S.N.M.; Mount Coffee, Liberia, February 19, 1897; R. P. Currie. Above golden olive green, the head much duller, and its feathers tipped with dark red; a few more or less concealed spots of pale greenish on the feathers of the hind neck. Wings fuscous, the exposed surface when closed, in color like the back; outer webs of primaries with small spots of greenish yellow; inner webs of all the quills, at least basally, with wide inden- tations of the same color. Tail brownish black, the outer feathers with small lateral spots of greenish yellow. Under surface greenish olive, heavily spotted with greenish yellow, these markings largest posteriorly ; superciliary stripe greenish yellow; postocular region, including auric- 30 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. ulars, reddish chestnut; under wing-coverts and axillars light greenish | yellow with a decided buffy tinge. Bull in life slate color; tarsi dull light green. The single specimen obtained by Mr. Currie differs so much from a Gaboon example, as above indicated, that it without doubt represents an undescribed race, if, indeed, not a distinct species. It is evidently the same as Dr. Biittikofer’s specimens from Liberia, exhibiting all the differences from true caroli mentioned by him,! as well as others which apparently escaped his notice. The specimen at hand from Gaboon, the original locality of caroli, corresponds closely with published deseriptions of this form, and is apparently a typical example. No specimens from the territory intervening between Liberia and Gaboon have been available in the present connection; but the differences between carolt and arizelus are such as seem to indicate subspecific relationship, and arizelus has, therefore, been given a trinomial desig- nation. Family MOTACILLID A. MOTACILLA VIDUA Sundevall. Motacilla vidua SUNDEVALL, Gifv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. Stockh., 1850, p. 128. One specimen, an adult male in breeding plumage. Family PYCNONOTID 2. STELGIDILLAS,? new genus. Chars. gen.—Genus generi ‘“‘Chlorocichla” dicto simile, sed maxille tcmii parte subterminali distincte serrata; nec corpore subtus clare flavescente. Type.—Andropadus gracilirostris Strickland. The uncertainty which has attended the determination of the proper generic affinities of Andropadus gracilirostris has led to the placing of this species in three different genera, with the characters of none of which does it suffi- ciently agree. From Criniger it may be at once distinguished by the depressed and slender bill—the maxilla with serrations on the cutting edge just posterior to the subterminal notch. The narrow, depressed bill separates it easily from either Andropadus or Hurillas, while from Chlorocichla, to which it seems to be most closely allied, it differs in the presence of serrations on the distal portion of the maxillar tomium. All the known species of Chlorocichla, moreover, are yellow or yellow- ish olive below, and the genus, as restricted by Captain Shelley,’ is a well-defined group. i The species described by Cabanis as Andropadus gracilis + is not per- fectly typical, but should apparently be associated generically with gracilirostris. The genus will then include Stelgidillas gractlirostris 1 Notes Leyden Museum, VII, 1885, p. 221. 3 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 63. 26redyis, strigilis; ZAAds, turdus. 4Orn. Centralbl., 1880, p. 174. NO. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERITA—OBERHOLSER. 31 (Strickland), Stelgidillas gracilirostris liberiensis (Reichenow), Stelgi- dillas gracilis (Cabanis). STELGIDILLAS GRACILIROSTRIS LIBERIENSIS (Reichenow). Andropadus gracilirostris liberiensis REICHENOW, Novit. Zool., II, 1895, p. 160. One specimen, April 1, with molt not yet entirely completed. It agrees perfectly with Dr. Reichenow’s description of liberiensis which seems to be a sufficiently well characterized subspecies of Stelgidillas gractlirostris. The measurements of this example are: Length, 199 mm.; extent, 262 mm. “Bill black, lower mandible slightly paler beneath; feet black; iris crimson.” BLEDA SYNDACTYLA (Swainson). Dasycephala syndactyla SwAInson, Birds W. Af., I, 1837, p. 261. Bleda syndactyla RICHMOND, Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p. 183. One adult male, apparently typical. Length, 251 mm.; extent, 330.5 mm.; ‘iris deep red.” EURILLAS VIRENS (Cassin). Andropadus virens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 34. Eurillas virens OBERHOLSER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 15. One specimen, taken April 1, an immature male, in the plumage described by Dr. Hartlaub as Andropadus erythropterus. ‘‘ Bill black, lighter apically; feet light horn brown.” PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS (Desfontaine). Turdus barbatus DESFONTAINE, Mém. Acad. Roy. de Sciences, p. 500, pl. X11. Pycnonotus barbatus GRayY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 268. Two specimens, taken February 12 and April 28, respectively. Both are in worn breeding plumage; and the latter has apparently just begun to molt. One of them hasan appreciable wash of yellow on the lower tail-coverts. ‘Bill and feet black; iris reddish brown. The English-speaking Liberians know this species as the “Pepper bird;” in the Golah dialect it is called ‘“‘ Bweh-lay.” Family MUSCICAPIDZ. TCHITREA NIGRICEPS Hartlaub. Tchitrea nigriceps HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1855, pp. 355, 361 (ex Temminck manuscript). Terpsiphone nigriceps SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1874, p. 306. Two adult specimens, male and female. The former is a very hand- some bird in perfect plumage; the latter agrees with Dr. Sharpe’s description of the supposed female,'! being very much duller colored. The upper parts, excepting, of course, the head, are considerably darker 1 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 360. ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. than in the male, while the under surface, particularly the posterior portion, is lighter. Male.—Length, 190 mm.; extent, 203 mm.; “bill and feet bright blue black.” Female.—Length, 153 mm.; extent, 215 mm.; ‘bill dark horn, paler at base; feet blue black.” The Golah name of this bird is “‘ Wee-su-waw.” ARTOMYIAS USSHERI Sharpe. Artomyias ussh2ri SHARPE, Ibis, 1871, p. 416. Two specimens, adult male and female. The male is slightly paler and more grayish than the female, but otherwise identical. They agree with Dr. Sharpe’s description! except for the lack of whitish tips to the wing quills and greater coverts. These whitish tips are probably, as suggested by Dr. Sharpe,’ evidences of immaturity. These two individuals measure as follows: Male, length, 140 mm.; extent, 254 mm.; female, length, 142 mm.; extent, 264mm. It is inter- esting to notice the larger size of the female. The Golah name for the | species is ‘“‘ Bweh-bweh-dee.” Family NECTARINIID 4s. ANTHREPTES RECTIROSTRIS (Shaw). Certhia rectirostris SHaw, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 246. Anthothreptes rectirostris GADOW, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 1X, 1884, p. 119. Four specimens. The two adult males appear not to differ from typ- ical examples, though one is rather lighter below than the other, besides being considerably smaller. Length, 99 mm.;? extent, 182 mm.; length, 112.6 mm.; extent, 173 mm. “Bill and feet black; iris choco- late brown.” Another specimen is sexed female with a query, and may possibly be an immature male. Length, 108 mm.; expanse, 167 mm. The upper surface is dull greenish olive with a conspicuous mixture of bronzy tipped feathers; the lesser wing-coverts are bronze green; the under parts are yellow, clearest on the median portion of the abdomen, shaded with olive green on the sides, paler on the throat and duller on the breast, both of which are slightly tinged with ashy. The fourth specimen is a young bird in first plumage, and is appar- ently rectirostris, although so young that without more specimens for examination it cannot be determined with absolute certainty. The upper surface is dull olive washed with greenish; wings dark brown with exterior edgings of golden olive; under parts pale dull yellow, the throat only washed with this color, as it is so imperfectly feathered that the slate gray bases of the feathers give their tint to the whole area. 1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 145. 2 Tail imperfect. No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 33 ANTHREPTES COLLARIS HYPODILUS (Jardine) Nectarinia hypodilus JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 153. Two specimens, male and female. ‘Bill and feet black, iris brown.” Male.—Length, 109.2 mm.; extent, 148.5 mm. Female.—Length, 102 mm.; extent, 144 mm. The latter shows indi- cations of a molt not quite completed. This species is apparently divisible into three well defined geograph- _ical races. In southern Africa occurs Anthreptes collaris collaris; in southeastern Africa Anthreptes collaris zambesianus, and in the western part of the continent Anthreptes collaris hypodilus. True collaris dif- fers from both of the other forms in having the secondaries, greater and primary coverts edged externally with golden olive instead of metallic green; the posterior lower parts are much darker and duller yellow than in zambesiana; less orange yellow and more shaded with olivaceous laterally than in hypodilus. From hypodilus, with which it has usually been considered identical, zambesianus may be readily dis- tinguished by the much paler, less orange tinted posterior under sur- face, as well as by the paler shade of the exterior margins to second- aries, primary and greater wing-coverts. ANTHREPTES IDIUS, new species. Chars. sp.—Similar to Anthreptes fraseri, but decidedly smaller; the outermost primary scarcely more than half as long; rather darker, and much less yellowish olive green throughout. This most noticeable on wings and tail. Description.—Type, male (immature?), No. 161807, U.S.N.M.; Mount Coffee, Liberia, March 16, 1897; R. P. Currie. Upper parts dark olive green, rather duller on the head; wings fuscous, the lesser coverts, edgings of the others and of the quills, like the back; tail-feathers greenish olive, with broad olive green exterior margins. Sides of head and neck olive green; eye ring olive yellow; entire under surface deep olive yeliow, almost uniform, but rather paler on chin, and shaded with olive green on sides and flanks; lining of wing olive yellow. ‘Bill dark horn, paler beneath; feet olive green.” Length, 122 mm.; extent, 178 mm. In details of structure and in pattern of coloration this new species is identical with Anthreptes fraseri, and does not need comparison with any of the other species of the genus. There is a possibility that dius may eventually turn out to be merely a geographical race of fraseri, but until such shall be proved to be the case it may stand as a species. The single specimen procured by Mr. Currie is sexed male, and if this be correct the absence of pectoral tufts, notwithstanding the lack of any other evidence, would seem to indicate immaturity; for it is quite probable, though of course not certain, that the aduit male would, like that of fraseri, possess these ornaments. Proc. N, M. vol. xxii 9 oO 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII, The following table shows the comparative size of the two species: Measurements. | Name. Wing.| Tail. |Tarsus. aod mm. mm. mm. mm. } Anthreptes frasert, adult female ......---. 64 42 16 9.5 | | Anthreptes idius, male [immature?]--.-.-.-- 54 38 14 9 | } t Mr. Currie states that this species was not uncommon in the “bush” about Mount Coffee, and that its Golah name is ‘‘ Zemeh.” : CINNYRIS CYANOLAIMA (Jardine). Nectarinia cyanolema JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 154. Cinnyris cyanolemus SHARPE and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I, 1876, p. 41. Three specimens—male, female, and young male. The two first are apparently typical birds in, breeding plumage; ‘bill and feet black;” length of female, 139 mm.; extent, 200mm. The immature male differs from the adult female in being darker, more sooty above, including wings and tail; the top of the head is sooty blackish instead of olive brownish; the sides of head and neck blackish slate instead of light brownish; the throat dull white, washed with olive yellow instead of light brownish, and sharply defined from the surrounding darker areas; breast and abdomen light olive green instead of brownish white; lining of wing sooty grayish instead of whitish. The Golah name of the adult male of this species is ‘‘ Zemeh-dee;” the young male is called ‘“‘Zemeh,” thus not distinguished from Anthreptes idius. CINNYRIS JOHANNZ: Verreaux. Cinnyris johanna J. and E, VERREAUX, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1851, p. 314. One adult male of this brilliantly plumaged sunbird is in the collec- tion. ‘Bill and feet jet black;” length, 145.6 mm.; extent, 209 mm. CINNYRIS CHLOROPYGIA (Jardine). Nectarinia chloropygia JARDINE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., X, 1842, p. 188. Cinnyris chloropygius BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407. One adult male. “Bill and teet black;” length, 103 mm.; extent, 133 mm. Mr. Currie reports the species common in the vicinity of Mount Coffee. In the Golah dialect it is called ‘‘Zemeh,” a name apparently applied indiscriminately to a number of small birds. Family PLOCEID A. MALIMBUS SCUTATUS (Cassin). Scobius! scutatus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1849, p. 157. Malimbus scutatus Gray, Hand-List Birds, II, 1870, p. 43. Two adult specimens, male and female. ‘Bill and feet black; iris crimson.” Length, male, 175 mm.; expanse, 282 mm. Length, female, 172 mm.; expanse, 266 mm. 1 Typographical error for Sycobius. No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 35 MALIMBUS RUBRICOLLIS BARTLETTI (Sharpe). Malimbus bartletti SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 479. One adult male. ‘Bill black; feet purplish-black; iris chocolate brown.” Length, 214 mm.; expanse, 337 mm. Golah name, “ Way- see-eh.” This form undoubtedly intergrades with the more southern Malimbus rubricollis, to which it is closely related; and its name should thus be, as above given, a trinomial. NIGRITA BICOLOR (Hartlaub). Pytelia bicolor HARTLAUB, Syst. Verz. Bremen, 1844, p. 76. Nigrita bicolor SCLATER, Contr. Orn., 1852, p. 83. One specimen, apparently not different from a Fantee example. ‘Bill black; feet dark brown; iris crimson.” Length, 114 mm.; extent, 163.5 mm, AMAURESTHES FRINGILLOIDES (Lafresnaye). Ploceus fringilloides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1835, pl. 48. Amauresthes fringilloides REICHENBACH, Singv., 1861, p. 86, pl. 44, fig. 322. One specimen, April 22, 1897, in fresh plumage, with molt not quite completed. Length, 135 mm.; expanse, 195 mm. Family HIRUNDINID&. HIRUNDO NIGRITA Gray. Hirundo nigrita GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1845, pl. 40. Three specimens, two males and one female, April 13 and 28, 1897, all showing some indication of incomplete molt. The latter seems to be somewhat less purplish than the males, but there is no other apparent difference. One of the males measures, length, 142 mm.; extent, 303 mm. ‘Bill and feet black.” Family DICRURID %. DICRURUS MODESTUS ATACTUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dicrurus modestus modestus, but plumage of body, particularly above, much more glossy, the velvety appearance almost entirely absent; no conspicuous contrast between the feathers of head and back. Wing, 118 mm.; tail, 104 mm.; exposed culmen, 22 mm.; tarsus, 20 mm.; middle toe, 15 mm. Description.—Type, sex unknown, No. 147202, U.S.N.M.; Fantee, West Africa. General color glossy black, with bluish metallic reflec- tions, these most evident on the upper parts, nearly absent on the throat; top of head almost uniform with the back, though slightly greenish, as are the upper tail-coverts; wings brownish black, the lesser coverts like the back, the remaining coverts and the quills glossed eS 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. externally with greenish blue; tail brownish black, glossed exteriorly with greenish. Comparison of specimens from Fantee and Liberia with an adult from Gaboon seems to indicate the existence of two races of Dicrurus modes- tus. True modestus comes from Prince’s Island, and according to Dr. Sharpe! D. coracinus from Gaboon is identical with modestus, as it — should be from a geographical standpoint, thus leaving the northern form without a name. Dr. Sharpe also mentions! the more glossy appearance of specimens from the Gold Coast, but without separating them from modestus. Mr. Currie obtained one specimen, an immature male, apparently identical with examples from Fantee. Length, 225 mm.; expanse, 251 mm. It was shot in the forest, where the species is stated by Mr. Currie to be not uncommon. Golah name, ‘ Zila-we.” DICRURUS ATRIPENNIS Swainson. Dicrurus atripennis SWAINSON, Birds W. Africa, I, 1837, p. 256. One adult male, March 16, 1897. It is in process of molt, wings and tail being imperfect. Taken in the forest; ‘not uncommon.” Length, 235 imm.; expanse, 321 mm.; ‘bill and feet black; iris crimson.” Golah name, ‘ Zala-we.” Family LANIID A. LANIARIUS MULTICOLOR Gray. Laniarius multicolor GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1845, p. 299, pl. 72. The collection contains -one adult male of this brilliantly colored shrike. Length, 230 mm.; expanse, 317 mm. Mr. Currie states that no others were seen. Golah name, ‘Dah-zo.” Bill in life black; feet drab; eyelid purplish. Family STURNIDS. PHOLIDAUGES LEUCOGASTER (Gmelin). Turdus leucogaster GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 819. Pholidauges leucogaster CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 198. One specimen, an immature male in the plumage of the female. ‘‘Bill black, paler at base below; feet black; iris lemon.” Length, 184 mm.; extent, 306 mm. Family PRIONOPID AQ. SIGMODUS CANICEPS Bonaparte. Sigmodus caniceps BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 365. One adult male, apparently a typical specimen. Length, 225 mm.; extent 348 mm. ‘Tris bright yellow; bill deep crimson, lighter ‘ Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, p. 233, No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 37 toward the tip; feet vermilion; naked ring around eye orange red.” Known to English-speaking Liberians as “‘ Baboon bird ;” Golah name, “Way-ye.” FRASERIA PROSPHORA, new species. Chars. sp.—Similar to Fraseria ochreata; the crown, sides of head, and neck not blackish, but uniform in color with the back; lower sur- face not pure white, the markings not sharply defined. Description.—Adult, sex undetermined, No. 161784, U.S.N.M.; Mount Coffee, Liberia, February 19, 1897; R. P. Currie. Upper surface uni- form slate color, slightly more bluish on lower back and rump; wing- quills and tail-feathers dull brownish black, edged externally with slate color; sides of head and neck like the crown. Lower parts grayish white; the sides and flanks slate gray; the jugulum a lighter Shade of same, spotted with darker; the feathers of breast and abdo- men with narrow slate-gray tips, producing a slightly squamated effect; lower tail-coverts each with a subbasal, V-shaped marking, and a narrow terminal bar of slate color; inferior wing-coverts brown- ish slate, the feathers broadly tipped with white; axillars white ter- minally, slate gray basally; thighs slate gray, edged with white. “Bill slate black; feet plumbeous.” Wing, 87.5 mm.; tail, 73 mm.; exposed culmen, 14 mm.; tarsus, 21.5 mm.; middle toe, 14 mm. This new form is distinguishable at sight from Fraseria ochreata by the lighter and uniform shade ef the upper surface, including the sides of head and neck; by the grayish instead of pure white under parts, the markings of which are much paler and much less sharply defined, giving a clouded and mottled appearance in place of a clear-cut squamate effect, particularly on breast and jugulum. The crissum is irregularly barred with slate color instead of being pure white. While it is barely possible that prosphora is a race of ochreata, and thus its representative in Liberia, yet the two birds are so different that until - the connection be established it seems better to accord them both specific rank. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM : PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. VII YOUNG ‘‘T00-TOO” BIRDS (Centropus senegalensis) Mount Coffee, Liberia. From a photograph by Mr. G. N. Collins. A LIST OF THE BITING LICE (MALLOPHAGA) TAKEN FROM | BIRDS AND MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA. By VERNON L. KELLOGG, M. S., Professor of Entomology, Leland Stanford Junior University. Within the last few years a beginning in the systematic study of the North American Mallophaga has been made. This study has pro- gressed sufficiently to make it worth while to prepare a list of the Mal- lophaga so far recorded as having been collected from birds and mammals found in North America.’ By this is meant the record of col-. lection actually made from American host specimens, and not from host species common to both Europe and America, from which parasites are as yet recorded only from European host specimens. Where Mal- lophaga have been found common to American and European hosts, the foreign as well as the native hosts are given. As the synonymy for the species of Mallophaga found on American hosts has been given in both Professor Osborn’s and my own papers (these papers including practically all the American records), I have not repeated the synonymy in the list. All the American records as originally published are included in the list, no attempt having been made to correct the synonymy. Probably not more than half « dozen species in the list are liable to such correction. The American specimens referred to species originally found on European hosts have been so referred on the authority of the original descriptions and illustrations of European authors. The great importance of the correctness of these determina- tions, because of the interesting problems in distribution presented by this specific identity of European and American specimens, led me to take to Europe a large number of American specimens for the sake of comparison with the Huropean types. This comparison revealed the fact that these determinations of the identity of the American speci- mens with European species can be relied on. In addition to the list of parasites with hosts there is given also a list of hosts with parasites, so that reference to the American records can be readily made from either parasite or host. Students beginning 1Some birds from Panama are included in this list. ‘‘ North America,” according to the American Ornithologists’ Union check list, ‘‘includes the continent of North America north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and Greenland and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands naturally belonging thereto.” PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1183. 3g 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. the study of the Mallophaga will soon discover the advantage of work- ing from the basis of known host. It is hoped that the list may serve as a convenient basis for the study of the phenomena of the distribution of the Mallophaga, one of the most interesting phases of the study of this group of insects. Types and cotypes of my own and of Osborn’s are now deposited in the U.S. National Museum. BIBLIOGRAPHY. There are very few records in the European literature of the Mallo- phaga of specimens taken from North American hosts. In very rare instances specimens have been taken from the skin of some North American bird in the collection of some European museum, or parasites have been collected in zoological gardens from representatives of some bird species peculiar to North America. For example, Piaget col- lected two species of Mallophaga from specimens of the Bob White (Colinus virginianus) and California Partridge (Callipepla californica) in the zoological garden at Rotterdam. I have since found. both of these species of Mallophaga on the same hosts in their native habitat. All of these records are referred to in the list. The following are the American papers containing the records upon which the list is based. For an extended bibliography of the foreign and American literature of the Mallophaga see Osborn' and Kellogg.’ Packard A.S. Certain Parasitic Insects, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 83, ill. Leidy, J. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 100. Osborn, Herbert. Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canadian Entomologist, 1884, XII, p. 197. The Pediculi and Mallophaga Infesting Man and the Lower Animals, Bull. No. 7, Div. of Ent., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1891. Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, Bull. No. 5 new ser., Div. of Ent., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1896. Kellogg, V.L. New Mallophaca: I(Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Sea- side Laboratory, IV, 1896). New Mallophaga, II (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labo- ratory, VII, 1896). Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallo- phaga, II (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory, XIX, 1899). Kellogg, V. L., and Chapman, B. L. Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labora- tory, XIX, 1899). Chapman, Bertha L. Two New Species of Trichodectes (Mallophaga). Entomologi- cal News, 1897, VIII, p. 185, pl. rx. CLASSIFICATION AND KEYS. The position of the Mallophaga among insects is discussed briefly in my New Mallophaga.* The latest classification of insects assigns to the Mallophaga the position of an independent order. ‘The affinities of the 1Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, Bull. No. 5, new ser., 1896, Div. of Ent., U.S. Dept. of Agric., p. 292. 2New Mallophaga, I, 1896, pp. 35, 40. * Volume I, 1896, pp. 57-59. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. Algh order are in general with the platypterous pseudo-neuropteroid group comprising the Termites, Psocids, and Perlids, and are in particular with the Psocide. In the New Mallophaga! I refer to the correspond- ence between the peculiarly specialized mouth structure of the Mallo- phaga and the Psocid, and the recent careful study by Mr. R. E. Snod- grass” on the anatomy of the Mallophaga reveal other particulars of essential structural agreement between the two groups. As to the arrangement of the members of the order, I have proposed ° the adoption of a primary grouping into two suborders, corresponding with Nitzsch’s original division of the group into two families. In each of these suborders there are two families, one family of each suborder infesting mammals exclusively and comprising but a single genus, the other family of each suborder, comprising several genera, infesting birds exclusively. Mr. Snodgrass’s anatomical studies present new and ‘important characters for the subdivision of the order which do not modify the original classification, but strengthen it and put it on a more thoroughly scientific basis. These new characters have been introduced into the following keys. I have made some other changes in the statement of the characters of the subordinate groups, based on my general study ot the order and use of the keys as heretofore pub- lished. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBORDERS OF MALLOPHAGA. With filiform, 3- or5-segmented, exposed antenne; no labial palpi; mandibles verti- cal; cesophageal sclerite and accompanying glands usually present and normal; meso- and metathoracic segments fused; crop a saclike diverticulum; ingluvial glands present; testes, four; egg tubes, five........-.-..-2------- ISCHNOCERA. With clavate or capitate, 4-segmented, concealed antenne; with 4 segmented labial palpi; mandibles horizontal; cesophageal sclerite and accompanying glands absent or modified; meso- and metathoracic segments with sutural line usually | visible; crop, simple; ingluvial glands, absent; testes, six; egg tubes, three to TINE) SESS SRSA ES StS OSS ae are aise Care e Une eteg ees arama yee ears a mn AMBLYCERA. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF THE SUBORDER ISCHNOCERA. A, With 3-segmented antenne; tarsi with one claw; infesting mammals (family MPriChoOdectides) wate ee ss eee eee eae Trichodectes Nitzsch. AA. With 5-segmented antenne; tarsi with two claws; infesting birds (family Philopteride). B. Antenne similar in both sexes. C. Front deeply angularly notched ..-----...-....----. Akidoproctus Piaget. CC. Front convex, truncate, or rarely with a curving emargination, but never angularly notched. D. Species broad and short, with large, movable trabecule (at the ante- rior angle of antennal fossa). E. Forehead with a broad transverse membranous flap projecting beyond lateral margins of the head in the male, barely pro- jecting: in thefemale---..-..252--22.. 222. Giebelia Kellogg. EE. Without such membranous flap- -.........-Docophorus Nitzsch. DD. Species elongate, narrow, with very small or no trabecule. Nirmus Nitzsch. ! Volume II, 1896, p. 468. 2 New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899. ° New Mallophaga, I, pp. 59-63. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. BB. Antenne differing in the two sexes. C. Species wide, with body elongate-oval to suborbicular. D. Temporal margins rounded; last segment of abdomen roundly emar- ginated; antennz of male without appendage, third segment VELYAlOM Oe ie Soe ee eae Hurymetopus Taschenberg. DD. Temporal margins usually angulated ; last segment of abdomen convex, rarely angularly emarginated, with two points. K. First segment of antenna of male large, sometimes with an appendage; third segment always with an appendage. Goniodes Nitzsch. EE. First segment of antenna of male enlarged, but always with- out appendage; third segment without appendage; last segment of abdomen always rounded behind. Goniocotes Nitzsch. CC. Species elongate, narrow, sides subparallel. D. Third segment of antenna of male without an appendage. Ornithobius Denny. DD. Third segment of antenna of male with an appendage. E. Front deeply angularly notched.... - Bothriometopus Taschenberg. EE. Front not angularly notched. F. Antenne and legs long; a semicircular oral fossa. Lipeurus Nitzsch. FF. Antenne and legs short; oral fossa narrow, elongate, extend- ing as a furrow to the anterior margin of the head. Oncophorus Rudow. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF THE SUBORDER AMBLYCERA. A. Tarsi with one claw; infesting mammals (family Gyropidie) -..Gyropus Nitzsch. AA. Tarsi with two claws; infesting birds (excepting Boopia?); (family Liotheidz). B. Ocular emargination distinct, more or less deep. C. Forehead rounded, without lateral swelling; antenne projecting beyond border of the head._...-....-....--.---- Colpocephalum Nitzsch. CC. Forehead without strong lateral swellings. D. Antenne projecting beyond border of the head; temporal angles projecting rectangularly; eye large and simple--. Boopia Piaget. DD. Antennz concealed in groove on under side of the head; temporal angles rounded or slightly angular; eye divided by an emargi- nation and fleck. E. Mesothorax separated from metathorax by a suture. Trinoton Nitzsch. EE. Meso- and metathorax fused; no suture. Lemobothrium Nitzsch. BB. Ocular emargination absent or very slight. C. Sides of the head straight or slightly concave, with two small, laterally projecting labral lobes.....-.-..-.....--. Physostomum Nitzsch. CC. Sides of the head sinuous; forehead without labral lobes. D. Ocular emargination filled by a strong swelling; sternal markings forming a quadrilateral without median blotches. Nitzschia Denny. DD. Ocular emargination without swelling, hardly apparent or entirely lacking; median blotches on sternum. EK. Very large; with two 2-pointed appendages on ventral aspect of hind head; anterior coxze with very long lobelike appendages. Ancistrona Westwood. EER. Small or medium; without bipartite appendages of hind head. Menopon Nitzsch. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 43 Sale ORE MeATIE EO ee AGeAG Order MALLOPHAGA Nitzseh. Suborder ISCHNOCERA Kellogg. Family PHILOPTERID Al Burmeister. Genus DOCOPHORUS Nitzsch. Docophorus NiTzscH, Germar’s Mag. f. Ent., 1818, III, p. 289. Docophorus kansensis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 91, pl. 111, fig. 8. From Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Lawrence, Kansas). Docophorus graviceps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 82, pl. 111, fig. 3. From Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, California) and Fulica americana (Pacific Grove, California). — Docophorus colymbinus DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 80, pl. vi11, fig. 8 —OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. Recorded by Osborn from Urinator lumme (Burnett collection) ; taken by Kellogg from Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, Cali- fornia); this record not before published. Recorded by European authors from Colymbus septentrionalis, C. arcticus, CO. glacialis, and Tadorna cornuta. Docophorus acutipectus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 84, pl. 111, fig. 4, From Cerorhinca monocerata (Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus insolitus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, 1, 1896, p. 94, pl. Iv, fig. 5. From Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus montereyi KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 87, pl. 111, fig. 6. From Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthliboramphus antiquus, and Brachyramphus marmoratus (all from the Bay of Monterey, Cali- fornia). Docophorus atricolor KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 93, pl. II, ile, Bh From Synthliboramphus antiquus and Brachyramphus marmoratus (Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus procax KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 54, pl. v, fig. 1. From Cepphus columba (Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus calvus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 79, pl. 111, fig. 1. From Uria troile californica (Bay of Monterey, California). 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Docophorus lari DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 89, pl. v, — fig. 9. —KELLOGG, en Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. "98, pl. Iv, fig. 4,— OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic iris 1896, p. 217.— KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Malloph- aga, III, 1899, p. 56. Recorded by Kellogg from Larus argentatus smithsonianus, L. canus, L. occidentalis, L. brachyrhynchus, L. glaucescens, L. heer- manni, L. vege, L. delawarensis, L. glaucus, and Rissa tridactyla pollicaris (all from Bay of Monterey, California); also from L. delewarensis (Lawrence, Kansas); Larus sp. (Baja California), and LT. glaucescens (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska); also males, females, and young, hence probably not stragglers, from Colymbus nigricollis californicus and Urinator lumme (Bay of Monterey, Cali- fornia). Recorded by Osborn from Larus philadelphia (Burnett collection) and from “herring gull” (Cassino collection). Recorded by European authors from a dozen or more species of Larus (including some of the species listed above), and from Lest- ris pomarinus and crespictatus, Sula alba, Tringa islandica (proba- bly mistaken determination), and Brachyotus otus. Docophorus melanocephalus BURMEISTER, Handb. d. Ent., II, 1839, p. 426.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 99, Bk IV, fig. Gas OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218.— Kuroce and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 56. Recorded by Kellogg from Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California); by Osborn from ‘great Cayenne tern” (Burnett col- lection); by Kellogg and Chapman from Stercorarius pomarinus (Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by European authors from Sterna caspia, S. cantiaca, S. bergi, and Larus ridibundus and L. cirrocephalus (Paraguay). Docophorus occidentalis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 89, pl. Ill, fig. 7. From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersii, and prob- ably as a straggler, from Oidemia perspicillata (all hosts from Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus validus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 56, pl. v, fig. 2. From Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus phaetonus OSBORN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1889, XII, p. 189. From Phaeton aethereus (Lower California or Panama). Docophorus bassanae DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 110, pl. v1, fig. 3; pl. vir, fig. 3.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 45 Recorded by Osborn; “host unknown, probably the gannett (Burnett collection).” Recorded by European authors from Sula bassana, Phalacrocoraz . carbo, and Sterna hirundo. Docophorus icterodes Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 96, pl. Iv, fig. 1.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217.— KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 4. KELLOGG and CHAP- MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 58. Recorded by Kellogg from Oidemia perspicillata, Hrismatura rubida, and Merganser serrator (Bay of Monterey, California), and from Anas boscas, Anas carolinensis, Aythya americana, Aythya affinis, and Dafila acuta (Lawrence, Kansas), and from Merganser serrator (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Recorded by Osborn as “a very common species on many kinds of ducks. Specimens have been noted in the Cassino, Burnett, and Stejneger collections, and also taken at Ames, lowa.” Recorded by Kellogg and Chap- man from Aythya marila nearctica and Aythya affinis (Palo Alto, California). Recorded by European writers from Mergus albellus, M. merganser, Anas rufina, A. boscas, A. fuligula, A. glacialis, A. albifrons, A. clypeata, A. crecca, A. stelleri, Fuliguia marila, F. ferina, and Mareca penelope. Recorded by Piaget as “sur toute espece de canards.” Piaget believes Docophorus natatorum Rudow,! from Platypus glacialis, Bernicla torquata, Chenalopex aegypticus, and Anas fusca, to be D.icterodes. He considers D. adustus Giebel,’ from a domestic duck, D. brevimaculatus Giebel,? from Anser albi- frons, and D. brunneiceps Giebel,’ from Anser cygnoides as varieties merely of D. icterodes. Piaget also refers to a Docophorus, from Podiceps cristatus, as a variety of icterodes. Docophorus cygni DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 95, pl. 1, fig. 1—OsBoRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. S Recorded by Osborn from Olor buccinator (?) (Ames, Iowa). Recorded by European authors from Cygnus bewickii, CO. musi- cus, Dendrocygna arborea, and the “bean goose” (Denny, Great Britain). Docophorus sphenophorus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel); Zeitschr. f. ges. Natur- wiss., XX VIII, 1866, p. 310.—OsBoRrn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. ! Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., XX XV, 1870, p. 453. *Insecta Epizoa, p. 113, 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Recorded by Osborn from Cassino collection, “‘ without indication of host or locality, but it is doubtless American, probably from spoonbill” (Ajaja ajaja). Recorded by European authors from Platalea leucorordia and Ibis religiosa. Docophorus bisignatus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., XXVIII, 1866, p. 362.—OsBOoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. Recorded by Osborn from Ibis (Guara) alba (collection of C. B. Cook). : Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from Ibis faleinellus. Docophorus quadraticeps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 85, pl. Int, fig. 5. From Fulica americana (Bay of Monterey, California). Docophorus minuto-trabeculatus OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 221. From Fulica americana (‘collected from a stuffed bird in the museum of the Iowa Agricultural College”). Docophorus pertusus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 97, pl. Iv, figs. 2, 3. Recorded by Kellogg from Fulica americana (Lawrence, Kansas, and Bay of Monterey, California); also from Hrismatura rubida and Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from Fulica atra (probably Europe). Docophorus fusiformis DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 84, pl. 1, fig. 2.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1897, p. 217.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- fornia, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 58, pl. V, fig. 3. Recorded by Osborn (a typographical error makes the species read ‘ fissiformis”) from ‘‘ black-billed sandpiper” (Burnett collec- tion). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Tringa minutilla (Palo Alto, California). Recorded by European authors from Tringa minuta and T. sub- arquata. Piaget believes D. variabilis Denny,! from Tringa varia- bilis, and D. canuti Denny,” from Tringa canutus, to be merely varie- ties of fusiformis. Docophorus cordiceps GIEBEL, Insecta. Epizoa., 1874, p. 103.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. Vv, pl. 1, fig. 2. Recorded by Kellogg from Tringa macularia (Panama) and Tringa sp. (Baja California). Recorded by European authors from TYotanus glareola, T. macu- latus, T. calidris, T. hypoleucos, T. fuscus, T. ochropus, Calidris aren- 1 Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., p. 71, pl. 111, fig. 4. 2Idem, p. 84, pl. 111, fig. 5. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. ALG aria, Machetas pugnax, Strepsilas interpres, Charadrius hiaticula. Denny also records it from Lestris parasiticus and L. pomarinus, and Grube from Larus richardsoni and Larus fuscus. I suspect that Denny and Grube have confounded cordiceps and lari here, especially as Grube records lari from Tringa islandica. Docophorus testudinarius DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 96, pl. I, fig. 6. —-OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p- 217. Recorded by Osborn from Numenius longirostris (Ames, lowa) and from Bartramia longicauda (Burnett collection). Recorded by European authors from Numenius arquatus. Docophorus fuliginosus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 80, pl. 11, fig. 2.—_ KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- fornia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 59. Recorded by Kellogg from Charadrius squatarola (Lawrence, Kansas, and Palo Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Charadrius squatarola and Aegialitis semi-palmata (Pacific Grove, California). Docophorus platystomus Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p- 426.—OsBorN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Knt., 1884, X VI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216. Recorded by Osborn from Accipiter velox (Rhode Island), Buteo Swainsont (lowa?), and Aquila imperialis (Burnett collection). Recorded by European authors from Buteo vulgaris and from ‘‘rough-legged buzzard” (Denny, Great Pee ; also a variety by Piaget from Haliastur indus. Docophorus buteonis PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 93, pl. 1, fig. 3.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218. Recorded by Packard from Buteo lineatus (America); by Osborn from same host (probably Hanover, New Hampshire), and from Tryannus atra (Burnett collection). Docophorus taurocephalus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 471, pl. Lxy, fig. 1. From Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Lawrence, Kansas). Docophorus pictus GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 74. KELLOGG and - CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- phaga, III, 1899, p. 59, pl. V, fig. 4. Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Aquila chrysetos (Palo Alto, California). Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from same host. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Decophorus halieti OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218. From Halictus leucocephalus (Florida). Docophorus rostratus NrrzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p. 4927,—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 486, pl. LXxvI, fig. 5.OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218. Recorded by Kellogg from Strix pratincola (Soquel, California) ; by Osborn from same host, collection of Prof. Lawrence Bruner (Nebraska). Recorded by European authors from Strix flammea. Docophorus cursor NITzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p. 426.— OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p.197.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 484, pl. LX v1, fig. 1.—OspBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.216.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 60. Recorded by Osborn fon Otus vulgaris var wilsonii (Asio wil- ‘ sonianus) (Ames, Iowa, and Lincoln, Nebraska); by Kellogg from Bubo virginianus (Lawrence, Kansas), and by Kellogg and Chap- man from Asio wilsonianus (Ontario, California). Recorded by European authors from Strix bubo, S. otus, and S. brachyotus. [Docophorus syrnii PACKARD, description? In Gurlts “Neues Verzeichniss d. Thiere, auf welchen Schma- rotzer-Insekten leben”, Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, XLIV, No. 1, p. 185, ‘‘ Docophorus syrnii Packard” is recorded as parasite of Stria nebulosa. Neither Osborn nor I have been able to find the original record for this species. | Docophorus speotyti OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p- 222, fig. 144. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 60. Recorded by Osborn from Speotyto cunicularia hypogea (Lincoln, Nebraska, and Fort Collins, Colorado); recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Syrnium nebulosum (La Honda, California). Docophorus bubonis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p- 219. From Bubo virginianus (Pennsylvania). Docophorus ceblebrachys Nirzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitsch. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VII, p. 528.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 485, pl. LXxvi, fig. 3.—OsBoRn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 61. Recorded by Kellogg from Nyctea nyctea (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from same host (lowa and other localities in America) ; by Kellogg and Chapman from same host (Pullman, Washington). Recorded by European authors from same host, ¥ 4 No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 49 Docophorus coccygi OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 222, fig. 143. From ‘“yellow-billed cuckoo” (Coceyzus americanus) (Lincoln, Nebraska). Docophorus latifrons NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.— KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 5, pl.1, figs. 5 and 8. From Coccyzus californicus occidentalis (Baja California). Recorded by European authors from Cuculus canorus and in a single instance from Yuna torquilla (Denny, England). Docophorus evagans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 480, pl. Lx v1, fig. 2. From Dryobates pubescens (Lawrence, Kansas). Docophorus superciliosus Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p. 427.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216. Recorded by Osborn from Dryobates villosus (Cassino collection) (North America). Recorded by European authors from Picus major and P. viridis. Docophorus singularis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 61, pl. v, fig. 5. From Dryobates nuttalli (lone, California). Docophorus californiensis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 483, pl. LXvI, fig. 6—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 6.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 63. . Recorded by Kellogg from Melanerpes formicivorous bairdii (Palo Alto, California) and from M. f. angustifrons (Baja California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Kidorado County, California) and from Xenopicus albolarvatus (Eldorado County and Kings River Canyon, California). Docophorus alienus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 473, pl. Lxv, fig. 2. From Colaptes auratus (Lawrence, Kansas). Docophorus jungens KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 481, pl. Lx v1, fig. 4. From Oolaptes auratus (Lawrence, Kansas). Docophorus rufus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 6 and 9.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 63. Recorded by Kellogg from Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi (Baja California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Myiarchus cinerascens (Ontario, and Alameda County, California). Proc. N. M. vol. xxii—4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VO. XXII. Docophorus fusco-ventralis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 221.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 64. Recorded by Osborn from Contopus virens (Cornell University collection, also Burnett collection) (North America); by Kellogg and Chapman from Myiarchus cinerascens (Palo Alto, California). Docophorus distinctus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 477, pl. LXV, fig. 9. From Corvus corax sinuatus (Colorado). Docophorus corvi OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 220, fig. 142. From Corvus americanus (Ames, Iowa). ‘Thisis probably Pack- ard’s Lipeurus corvi, which was evidently described from an imma- ture specimen” (Osborn). s Docophocus transpositus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 478, pl. LXV, fig. 6. From Molothrus ater (Lawrence, Kansas). Docophorus agelaii OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 220. From Agelaius pheniceus (North America). Docophorus quiscali OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 219, fig. 141. From “crow blackbird” (Quiscalus quiscula ?) (Ames, lowa). Docophorus compar PIAGET, Les Pediculines, 1880, p. 61, pl. vit, fig. 1.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. Recorded by Osborn from Lowxia curvirostra minor (Ames, Jowa). ° Recorded by Piaget from Lowxia curvirostra (Museum of Leyden). . Docophorus hamatus PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 94, pl. Ly Ott. From Hmberiza (Plectrophenax) nivalis (North America). Docophorus mirinotatus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 65, pl. V, fig. 6. From Junco hyemalis thurberi (Kings River Canyon, California). Docophorus communis Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 486, pl. LxvI, fig. 7.— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1897, p. 216.—KEL- LoGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 9—KELLOGG and CHAP- MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 64. Recorded by Kellogg from Otocoris alpestris, Agelaius pheniceus, Sturnella magna neglecta, Calcarius lapponicus, Junco hyemalis, No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 51 Cardinalis cardinalis, Ampelis garrulus, Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides, Harporphynchus rufus, and Merula migratoria (all from Lawrence, Kansas); Icterus bullocki, Oarpodacus purpureus californicus, Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis, Spinus pinus, Spinus psaltria, and Ammodramus sandvicensis (all from Palo Alto, Cali- fornia); Cardinalis cardinalis igneus (Baja California). Recorded by Osborn from Lantus borealis (Ames, lowa) and ‘shore lark” (Otocoris sp.) (Burnett collection). Recorded by Kellogg and Chap- man from the following birds taken in California (in addition to specimens of several of the host species already listed): Mytarchus cinerascens, Hmpidonax difficilis, Otocoris alpestris chrysolema, Cyanocitta stellert frontalis, Aphelocoma californica, Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, Chondestes grammacus strigatus, Zonotrichia leuco- phrys intermedia, Zonotrichia l. gambeli, Zonotrichia coronata, Spizella socialis arizone, Amphispiza belli, Melospiza fasciata samuclis, Pipilo Juscus crissalis, Habia melanocephala, Guiraca coerulea eurhyncha, Piranga ludoviciana, Ampelis cedrorum, Lanius borealis, Lantus ludovicianus gambeli, Vireo solitarius cassini, Dendroica cestiva, Thryothorus bewickivi spilurus, Parus inornatus, Turdus aonalaschke auduboni, Sialia mexicana occidentalis. Recorded by European authors from many species of passerine birds. Docophorus panamensis KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 9, pl. 1. fig. 1. From Phenicothrampis fuscicauda (Panama). Docophorus domesticus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 475, pl. LXV, fig.4; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 10. From Progne subis (Lawrence, Kansas) and Progne subis hesperus (Baja California). Docophorus excisus NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290; var. major KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 489. Variety major recorded by Kellogg from Petrochelidon lunifrons and Tachycineta bicolor (Palo Alto, California, and Lawrence, Kansas). Recorded by European authors from Hirundo urbica, H. rustica, HI, domestica, Cypselus apus, and Cotyle riparia. Docophorus laticeps GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 88.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 4 and 7. Variety americanus recorded by KELLOGG from Cinclus mexica- nus (Kodiak Island, Alaska). The species recorded by European authors from Cinelus aquaticus. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Docophorus mirus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 67, pl. V, fig. 7. From Thyrothorus bewickii spilurus (Palo Alto, California). Docophorus rutteri KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 12, pl. 1. fig. 3. From Parus atricapillus occidentalis (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Docophorus sialii OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 220. From Sialia sialis (Merriam, Colorado). Docophorus incisus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 474, pl. Lxv, fig. 3. From Sialia sialis (Lawrence, Kansas) and Ampelis cedrorum (Lawrence, Kansas). Genus NIRMUS Nitzseh. Nirmus Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291. Nirmus fuscomarginatus DENNY, Monog. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 136, pl. X, fig. 1—_KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, var. americanus, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 69, pl. Vv, fig. 9. Variety americanus recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from | Colymbus nigricollis californicus, Cepphus columba, and Larus argentatus smithsonianus (straggler?), all hosts from Bay of Monte- rey, California. The species is recorded by European authors from Podiceps auritus and P. cristatus. Nirmus pacificus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 70, pl. V, fig. 8. From Lunda cirrhata, Cepphus columba, and Puffinus griseus (Bay of Monterey, California). Nirmus maritimus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 72, pl. v1, fig. 1. From Cerorhinca monocerata, Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthli- boramphus antiquus, and as straggler, probably, from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa (all from Bay of Monterey, California). Nirmus citrinus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss, 1866, XXVIII, p. 378.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. Recorded by Osborn from Synthliboramphus antiquus Simorhyn- chus cristatellus, Sim. pygmeeus, Sim. pusillus (Stejneger collection), and Alleus (Alle) alle (Cassino collection) (North America). Recorded by European writers from Alea torda. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 53 Nirmus triangulatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss, 1866, XXVIII, p. 378.—KELLOGG and CHAPMANN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1897, p. 74, pl. VI, fig. 2. Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Stercorarius pomarinus (Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by European authors from Lestris crespidata, L. rich- ardsoni, Stercorarius pomarinus, and Larus canus. Nirmus lineolatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 376.—K&ELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 113, pl. Vi, figs. 7, 8, 9.—OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (var. atrimarginatus), Mal- lophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75. Recorded by Kellogg from Larus argentatus smithsonianus, L. brachyrhynchus, L. glauceseens, L. canus, L. vege, L. occidentalis, LL, heermani, L. californicus, and L, delawarensis (all from Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by Osborn from ‘herring gull, in collection of S. E. Cassino; Baker collection, Elkhart, Indiana.” Recorded by European authors from Larus canus, L. argentatus, LL. glaucus, and L. tridactylus. Variety atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chapman, recorded by Kel- logg and Chapman from Larus canus, L. vege, L. brachyrhynchus, and Rissa tridactyla pollicaris. Nirmus punctatus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 109, pl. v1, figs. land 2; Mal- lophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 13.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallo- phaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 75. Recorded by Kellogg from Larus occidentalis (Bay of Monterey, California) and Larus sp. (Baja California); by Kellogg and Chap- man from Larus delawarensis (Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by European authors from Larus ridibundus, L. domin- icanus (Chile), L. crassirostris (China), and L. ichthywtos (Valgas). Nirmus felix GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 175.—_KELLoGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 110, pl. v1, figs. 3, 4. Recorded by Kellogg from Larus heermani (Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded bp European authors from same host. Nirmus prestans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 99, pl. v, figs. bs A From Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California). Nirmus hebes KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 101, pl. v, fig. 3. From Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California). 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Nirmus giganticola KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 105, pl. Vv, fig. 6.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75. From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). Nirmus furvus NirzscuH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 374.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 225.—KELLOGG (var. ravus Kellogg), Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, Tit, 1897, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 1. Recorded by Osborn from Phalaropus tricolor (Museum, lowa Agricultural College). Recorded by European authors from several species of Totanus and from godwits and plovers. The species is not sufficiently sharply defined to list accurately its hosts. Var. ravus Kellogg from Actitis macularia (Panama). Nirmus piceus Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291. N.pileus N., KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 113, pl. v1, fig. 6.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. Recorded by Kellogg from Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from same host (Museum, Iowa Agricultural College). Recorded by European authors from Recurvirostra avocetta. The specific name pileus has been used for this form ever since the first reference after Nitzsch, evidently from mere carelessness. Nirmus signatus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 186, pl. Xv, fig. 8.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p.112, pl. V1, fig. 5.—_OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. Recorded by Kellogg from Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas); by OSBORN from same host, ‘collected from stuffed bird in museum of Iowa Agricultural College.” Recorded by European authors from Recurvirostra avocetta. Nirmus fissus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, ITI, p.291.— KELLOGG, var. major Kellogg, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cali- fornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 15, pl. 11, fig. 2. Variety major Kellogg, from Tringa sp. (Baja California). The species (under name bicuspis) is recorded by European authors from Charadrius minor, Ch. hiaticula, Ch. morinellus, Totanus calidris, Recurvirostra avocetta, and Vanellus cristatus. Nirmus complexivus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds" of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75, pl. v1, fig. 3. From Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California) and Tringa minutilla (Palo Alto, California). Nirmus actophilus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 78, pl. v1, fig. 4. From Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California). No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 55 Nirmus cordatus OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 228, pl. 11, fig. aa —KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 80. Recorded by Osborn from Limosa hemastica (Burnett collection) (North America); by Kellogg and Chapman from Limosa fedoa (Bay of Monterey, California). Nirmus incoenis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 81, pl. v1, fig. 5. From Charadrius squatarola (Pacific Grove, California). Nirmus orarius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 104, pl. v, fig. 5. From Charadrius dominicus (Lawrence, Kansas). Nirmus opacus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- fornia, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 83, pl. v1, fig. 6. From digialitis semipalmata (Pacific Grove, California). Nirmus parallelus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 229, pl. 11, fig. d. From digialitis vocifera (Burnett collection) (North America). Nirmus boephilus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 107, pl. v, ike From digialitis vocifera (Lawrence, Kansas). Nirmus abruptus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 220° pl. ir, fie. c. From Colinus virginianus (Burnett collection) (North America). Nirmus fuscus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, XVII, pp.523-525.—OsBoRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide. Canad. Ent., XVI, 1884, p. 197.—KELLoGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 499, pl. Lx vil, fig. 7.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domes- tic Animals, 1896, p. 223.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 15.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 85. Recorded by Osborn from Buteo swainsoni (Ames, Iowa), and Accipiter velox **(Merriam)”. Recorded by Kellogg from Buteo swainsom, Cireus hudsonius, and Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (all from Lawrence, Kansas); and from Falco sparverius peninsularis, FE. peregrinus anatum, and. Buteo borealis lucusanus (all from Baja California); also from Falco sparverius (Panama). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Falco sparverius deserticola, Buteo Lore- alis calurus, and Hlanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California), and from Accipiter atricapillus striatatus (Pullman, Washington). Recorded by European authors from many species of hawks, kites, and eagles (Milvus, Buteo, Falco, Circus, Aquila, and Archi- buteo. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. i Nirmus discocephalus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.— KELLOGG (var. amblys Kellogg) New Mallophaga, II, 1897, p. 498, pl. Lxvil, fig. 6—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 223. Variety amblys Kellogg, from Haliwetus leucocephalus (Lawrence, Kansas). Recorded by Osborn from same host (Burnett collection) (North America). Recorded by European authors from Halietus albicella. Nirmus splendidus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 16, pl. 11, figs. 3 and 6, From Polyborus cheriway (Baja California). Nirmus fenestratus NirzscH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVII, p. 117.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. Recorded by Osborn from Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Burnett col- lection) (North America). Recorded by European authors from Cuculus canorus. Nirmus atopus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 18, pl. 11, fig. 4. From Piaya cayana thermophila (Panama). Nirmus marginatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p- 228, pl. u, fig. b. From Ceophleus pileatus (Burnett collection) (North America). Nirmus candidus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XX VII, p. 117; XXVIII, p. 368.—OsBorn, Notes on Mal- lophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. Recorded by Osborn from Melanerpes carolinus (Burnett col- lection), Colaptes auratus, and Picus villosus (locality ?). Recorded by European authors from Picus canus and P. viridis. Nirmus eustigmus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 493, pl. MVE, lig. - Show Trochilus anne (Palo Alto, California). Nirmus tyrannus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 228. From Tyrannus sp. (Burnett collection). Nirmus vulgatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 496, pl. LXVII, fig. 5 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 86. Recorded by Kellogg from Carpodacus purpureus californicus, C. mexicanus frontalis, Zonotrichia coronata, Z. gambeli, Pipilo maculatus megalonyx, and Pipilo fuseus crissalis (all from Palo Alto, California); and from Junco hyemalis and Merula migratoria (Law- No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAG A—KELLOGG. 5 rence, Kansas). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from (in addi- tion to several hosts already listed) Guitraca cwrulea, Chondestes grammacus strigatus, Passerina amena, Parus gambeli, Parus rufescens neglectus, Sialia mexicanus occidentalis, Dendroica cestiva, Helminthophila celata lutescens, Trochilus alexandri, Cyanocitta stellert frontalis, Cinclus mexicanus, Empidonax difficilis, and Myiarchus cinerascens (all from California). Nirmus fedus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 87, pl. v1, fig. 7. From Myiarchus cinerascens, Sayornis saya, Tyrannus verticalis, Icteria virens longicauda, Lanius ludovicianus gambeli, and Phain- opepla nitens (all from Ontario, California). . Nirmus ductilis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 89, pl. v1, fig. 8. From Hmpidonax difficilis (Ontario, California). Nirmus rotundatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 226. From Corvus americanus (Ames, Lowa.) Nirmus secondarius OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 227. From Corvus americanus (Ames, Lowa). Nirmus ornatissimus GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 144.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224 (var. xantho- cephali Osborn) (loc. eit.). Recorded by Osborn from Agelaius phaniceus (Cassino collec- tion); var. xanthocephali Osborn from Xanthocephalus xantho- cephalus (Fairfax, lowa). Recorded by European authors from Agelaius phenicurus. Nirmus illustris KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 494, pl. Lx vu, fig. 4. From Agelaius pheniceus (Lawrence, Kansas). Nirmus virgatus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 5. From Amblycercus holosericeus (Panama). Nirmus picturatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 226. From Sturnella magna (Ames, Iowa). Nirmus cyclothorax Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XX VII, p. 117.—OsBorwn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- mals, 1896, p. 224. -From Passer domesticus (Laurent collection) and Acanthis lina- ria (*) (C. B. Cook collection). Nirmus thoracicus PACKARD, Amer. Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 94, pl. 1, fig. 5. From Plectrophenax nivalis (North America). 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. Nirmus lautiusculus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 90, pl. v1, fig. 9. From Amphispiza belli (Ontario, California). Nirmus pallidus OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 227. From Habia ludoviciana (Ames, Iowa). Nirmus gracilis Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p.291.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 225. Recorded by Osborn from Progne subis (Ames, Iowa). Recorded by European authors from Hirundo urbica. Nirmus longus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 490, pl. Lxvi1, fig. 1.—K“LLOGG and CHAPMAN, var. domesticus Kellogg and Chapman, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- phaga, IIT, 1899, p. 92. — Recorded by Kellogg from Petrochelidon lunifrons (Palo Alto, California) and Tachycineta bicolor (Lawrence, Kansas). Variety, domesticus Kellogg and Chapman from Chelidon erythrogaster (Palo Alto, California). Nirmus brachythorax GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 134.—OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 223.—KEL- LOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 93. Recorded by Osborn from Ampelis garrulus (locality?) and Ampelis cedrorum (Ames, Lowa); by Kellogg and Chapman from Ampelis cedrorum (Palo Alto, California). Recorded by European authors from Ampelis garrulus and A. carolinensis. Nirmus peninsularis KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 21, pl. m1, fig. 9. From Phainopepla nitens (Baja California). Nirmus interpositus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 23, pl. 11, ee Te From Dendroica cestiva (Panama). Nirmus orpheus OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 227. From Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Burnett collection). Nirmus audax KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 25, pl. 11, fig. 8. From Psaltriparus flaviceps (Baja California). Nirmus simplex KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 492, pl. LXxv1t, fig. 2. From Merula migratoria (Lawrence, Kansas). No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 59 Genus LIPEURUS Nitzseh. Lipeurus NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent. 1818, III, p. 292. Lipeurus laculatus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 93, pl. vir, fig. 1. From Stercorius pomarinus and Puffinus creatopus (Bay of Mon- terey, California). Lipeurus ferox GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1867, X XIX, p. 195.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 127, pl. 1x, figs. 1, 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 97. Lipeurus diomedea FI’. OSBORN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1880, XII, p. 189. Recorded by Kellogg from Diomedea ulbatrie (Bay of Monterey, - California). Recorded by Osborn from Diomedea brachyura (lo- cality ?). Recorded by European authors from Diomedea exulans, D. melano- phrys, and D. brachyura. Lipeurus densus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 114, pl. v1, figs. 1, 2; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 28, pl. 11, fig. 2—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- phaga, ITI, 1899, p. 96. Recorded by Kellogg from Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California)? and from D. nigripes (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska). Lipeurus confidens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 26, pl. 111, hol: From Diomedea nigripes (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska). Lipeurus concinnus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 97, pl. v11, fig. 2. From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). Lipeurus varius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 116, pl. vit, figs. 3, 4. From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersiit (Bay of Monterey, California). Lipeurus celer KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p.117, pl. vm, figs. 5,6. From Fulmarus glacialus glupischa and F. g. rodgersii (Bay of Monterey, California). Lipeurus diversus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 123, pl. v1m1, figs. 3, 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 95. Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, Cali- fornia); by Kellogg and Chapman, from Puffinus gavia, P. griseus, P. creatopus, P. bulleri, P. tenuirostris, and stragglers probably from Diomeive avvatrue (all from Bay of Monterey, California). 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Lipeurus testaceus TASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 135, pl. v, fig. 3.—_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 130, pl. x1, figs. 2, 4.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 100. Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, Cali- fornia); by Kellogg and Chapman from P. creatopus. Recorded by Taschenberg from Procellaria capensis. Lipeurus limitatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 124, pl. v1, figs. 5, 6.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 100. Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus griseus (Bay of Monterey, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia, P. griseus, P. bulleri, and P. tenuirostris (Bay of Monterey, California). Lipeurus fuliginosus ASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 156, pl. rv, fig. 3.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (var. major, Kellogg and Chap- man), Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITT, 1897, p. 100, pl. v1, fig. 3. Variety major Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia and P. creatopus (Bay of Monterey, California). The species recorded by Taschenberg from Diomedea exulans and D. chlororhyncha. Lipeurus subangusticeps PIAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 308, pl. xxv, fig. 5.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 235, pl. 11, fig. g. Recorded by Osborn from ‘“ Thalassidroma wilsoni” (Oceanites oceanicus?) (Burnett collection). Recorded by European authors from Thalassidroma leachi and Th. pelagica. Lipeurus pullatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 387.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234. a Recorded by Osborn from Sula bassana and Sula alba (Burnett collection). Lipeurus faralloni KELLOGG (Nirmus), New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 103, pl. v, fig. 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (Lipeurus), Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 101, pl. VII, fig. 4. Recorded by Kellogg from Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus, and a straggler, probably, from Colymbus septentrionalis (Bay of Monterey, California); by Kellogg and Chapman, from Phalacro- corax penicillatus (Bay of Monterey, California). Lipeurus longicornis PrAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 334, pl. xxvIt, fig. 3.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233. Recorded by Osborn from Phalacrocorax dilophus (Ames, Iowa). Recorded by European authors from Phalacrocorax carbo and Ph. cristatus. A straggler, probably, recorded by Denny “v.41 Hema- topus ostralegus. No. 1183, NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 61 Lipeurus toxoceros NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 386.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 131, pl. x, figs 3 and 5 Recorded by Kellogg from Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus, and a straggler, probably, from Pelecanus californicus; both hosts from Bay of Monterey, California. Lipeurus forficulatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 386.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. (29, pl. rx, figs. 3-6.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 30.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 102. Recorded by Kellogg from Pelecanus californicus (Bay of Monte- rey, California, and Baja California) and from Pelecanus erythro- rhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from “pelican” (P. ery- throrhynchus ?) (Ames, Iowa). Recorded by European authors from P. onocrotalus. Lipeurus bifasciatus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 342, pl. xxv1it, fig. 1—Osporn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233. Recorded by Osborn from Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Davenport, Nebraska). - Recorded by Piaget from P. crispus. . Lipeurus gracilicornis PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 309, pl. xxv, fig. 6.—KELLOGG (var. major K.), Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in new Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p 30, pl. 111, fig. 3. Variety major Kellogg from Fregata aquila. The species recorded by Piaget from Fregata minor. Lipeurus temporalis NirtzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, Lil, p. 292.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 130, pl. x, fig. 1. Recorded by Kellogg from Merganser serrator (Bay of Monterey, California). ; Recorded by European authors from Mergus merganser and M. serrator. Lipeurus squalidus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 292.— OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 198.—OsporRn, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the Lower Animals, 1891, p. 39, fig. 27.—KELLOGG, New ‘Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 132, pl. x, figs. 6, 7.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233.—KELLOGG and CHAP- MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IT, 1899, p. 102. Recorded by Osborn from Anas boschas (locality?), Merganser serrator (Cassino collection), Hniconetta stelleri (Stejneger collec- 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. tion); by Kellogg from Anas boschas, Charitonetta albeola, Hrisma- tura rubida (all Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from Spatula clypeata (Palo Alto, California). Recorded by European authors from numerous species of Anas, Fuligula, Oidemia, and (varieties) from Cygnus. Lipeurus constrictus KeLLocG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 125, pl- VALUE TSS. (Os From Oidemia perspicillata (Bay of Monterey, California, and Lawrence, Kansas) and O. deglandi (Bay of Monterey, Calton Lipeurus jejunus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, 120, p. 292,— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1396, p. 234, Recorded by Osborn from Anser albifrons gambeli (Cook collec- tion). Recorded by European authors from several species of Anser. Lipeurus leucopygus NirscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p. 434,—Var. fasciata PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 320.—Var. fasciatus PIAGET, OSBORN, Insects Affecting Monee sails, 1896, p. 234. Variety fasciata PIAGET, recorded by Osborn from Botaurus sp. (Burnett collection). This variety recorded by Piaget from Ardea stellaris. Lipeurus botauri Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234, From Botaurus lentiginosus (locality ?). Lipeurus luridus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 292.— OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 232. Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (locality ?). Lipeurus longipilus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 119, pl. VI, fig. 7 : From Fulica americana (Pacific Grove, California). Lipeurus picturatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 121, pl. v1, figs. 1, 2. icin Fulica americana (iawrence, Kansas). Lipeurus infuscatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234, pl. U, figs. e, f. From Philohela minor and Bartramia longicauda (Burnett collec- tion). Lipeurus dissimilis PrAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 359, pl. Xx1Xx,.fig. 1.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 507, pl. Lxv11t, fig. 7. Recorded by Kellogg from Colinus virginianus (Lawrence, Kan- Sas). Recorded by Piaget from same host (Zoological Garden of Rot- terdam). No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 63 Lipeurus docophoroides PrAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 357, pl. xxvii, fig. 9—_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 508, pl. Lx v1, fig. 8.—Var. californicus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 103. Recorded by Kellogg from Callipepla californica (Mountain View, California). Recorded by Piaget from same host species (Zoological Garden of Rotterdam). Variety californicus Kellogg and Chapman from Oreortyx pictus plumifrons (Ki Dorado County, California). Lipeuras perplexus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 103, pl. vu, fig. 5. From Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Kings River Canyon, California) and Pediocetes phasianellus colwnbianus (Pullman, Washington). Lipeurus protervus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 31, pl. 111, fig. 4. From Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Lipeurus polytrapezius Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234. Recorded by Osborn from Meleagris gallopavo. Recorded by European authors from the same host. Lipeurus introductus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 500, pl. LXVIHII, figs. 1, 5. From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali- fornia). Lipeurus variabilis Nirzscu, Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- mals, 1896, p. 254. “A common species on domestic fowls” (Osborn). Lipeurus heterographus Nirzscu, Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 251. Goniocotes burnettti PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 94, fig. 116. Recorded by Packard from ‘‘common barnyard fowl;” by Osborn from “domestic fowl” (Burnett collection, and Ames, Iowa); also from ‘“‘young duck” (Lincoln, Nebraska (?) ). Lipeurus baculus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, Ill, p. 293.— OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pendiculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 198.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 506, pl. LXVIII, figs. 4, 6—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 232. Recorded by Osborn from domestic pigeons (several collections) ; by Kellogg from same host (Columba livia), (Lawrence, Kansas). [Lipeurus pustulatus? OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234, From Halictus leucocephalus (Burnett collection). I can find no 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. description of this species and no other reference to it. Osborn’s brief reference does not give the name of the describer, nor any reference to any previous record of the species; on the other hand, he does not give a description of the form. Can it be that Osborn has meant to refer to quadri-pustulatus Nitzsch recorded by Euro- pean authors from Aquila chrysetos and A. albicilla ?| Lipeurus macgregori KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and fot, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 33, pl. 111, figs. 5, 6. From Cr Boniage sulcirostris (Panama). Lipeurus macrocephalus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 504, pl. LXVIII, fig. 3. From Chordeiles virginianus henryt (Palo Alto, California). Lipeurus suodetaee) KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 502, pl. LXVIII, fig. 2. From Trochilus rufus (Palo Alto, California). Lipeurus corvi PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 99, pl. 1, fig. 2 From the crow (Corvus americanus ?) (locality ?). Lipeurus gracilis PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 95, pl. 1, fig. 6. No host; no locality. Lipeurus elongatus PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 95, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a. No host; no locality. Genus GIEBELIA Kellogg. Giebelia KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 137. Giebelia mirabilis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 138, pl. x1, figs. 7, 8.—-KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 105. Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey); by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus griseus, P, creatopus, P. tenui- rostris, P. bulleri, and probably a straggler, from Diomedea albatrus (all from Bay of Monterey, California). Genus EURYMETOPUS Taschenberg. Hurymetonus TASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 182. Eurymetopus brevis DUFOUR, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, IV, p. 674, pl. XXXI, fig. 3.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233. - Lipeurus taurus Nrvzscu, OSBORN, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1889, p. 188. Hurymetopus taurus NiTzscH, KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p-. 135, pl. x1, figs. 3-6.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga frem Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 39..-KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- fornia, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 109. Recorded by Osborn from Diomedea exulans (Albatross expedi- No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 65 tion) ; by Kellogg from Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, Cali- fornia), Diomedea nigripes (North Pacifie Ocean; off Alaska), and, as a straggler, probably, from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersvi (Bay of Monterey, California); recorded by Kellogg and Chapman, as a straggler, probably, from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by European authors from Diomedea exulans, D.nigripes, and D. brachyura. Genus ORNITHOBIUS Denny. Ornithobius DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 183. Ornithobius goniopleurus DENNY, Monograph. Auoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 184, pl. xx1, fig. 2.—OsBorn. Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 236. Recorded by Osborn from branta canadensis (Burnett collection). Recorded by Denny from Cygnus canadensis and from Mergus merganser (Great Britain). Ornithobius cygni LINN ZUS (Pediculus), Syst. Nat., 1759, II, p. 1018.— OsBorRN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the Lower Animals, 1891, p. 42, fig. 30; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 236. Ornithobius bucephalus GIEBEL, OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidee, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198. Recorded by Osborn from Olor buccinator (Ames, Iowa). Recorded by European authors from Cygnus musicus and C. olor. Genus ONCOPHORUS Rudow. Oncophorus RuDow, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1870, XXXV, p. 175. Oncophorus bisetosus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 217, pl. xv111, fig. 4.—Var. californicus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 106, pl. vu, fig. 6. Variety caltifornicus Kellogg and Chapman, from Rallus obsoletus and fk. virginianus (Palo Alto, California). Variety porzane Piaget, from Porzana noveboracensis (specimen from North America in Museum of Leyden). The species is recorded by Piaget from Rallina plumbeiventris, R. tricolor, and R. isabellina. Oncophorus minutus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291 (Philopterus).—OsBorRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198; Insects Atfecting Domestic Ani- mals, 1896, p. 230. Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (Ames, lowa). Recorded by European authors from Fulica atra, Gallinula chloropus, G. orientalis, and G. hematopus. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Oncophorus advena KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 133, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2. From Fulica americana, and Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, California). Oncophorus remotus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 107, pl. V1, fig. 7. From Scotiaptex cinerea (Pullman, Washington). Genus GONIOCOTES Burmeister. Goniocotes BURMEISTER, Handb. d. Entomologie, 1839, II, p. 431. Goniocotes creber KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 510, pl. LXIx, fig. 3. From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali- fornia). Goniocotes compar NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 512, pl. Lx1x, fig. 4.— OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 230. Recorded by Kellogg from Columba livia (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from same host (Burnett collection). Genus GONIODES Nitzsch. Goniodes NiTzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293. Goniodes ortygis PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 282, pl. xxtI, fig. 6. From Ortyx virginianus (specimens from North Americ¢a, in the Zoological Garden of Rotterdam). Goniodes dispar Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 230. Recorded by Osborn from quail (Ortyx virginianus ?) (Cassino collection). Recorded by European authors from Perdix cinerea. Goniodes mammillatus Rubow, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1870, XX XV, p. 483.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 509, pl. Lxtx, fig. 2; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 35.—KELLoGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 109. Recorded by Kellogg from Callipepla californica (Mountain View, California), and from Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska) by Kellogg and Chapman from Pediocetes phasianellus columbianus (Pullman, Washington). Described by Rudow from Pelecanus ruficollis (must have been an instance of straggling) and recorded by Taschenberg from Callipepla californica. Goniodes cupido GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XX VIII, p. 387.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.231. Recorded by Osborn from Tympanuchus americanus (C. B. Cook collection). Recorded by European authors from Tetrao cupido. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 67 Goniodes merriamanus PACKARD, Rept. U. 8S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, 1872, p. 731. From Tetrao richardson (no locality). Goniodes stylifer Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 231. Recorded by Osborn from Meleagris gallopavo (Hassall, Balti- more, Maryland). Recorded by European authors from same host. Goniodes cervinicornis GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 199.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 509, pl. LXIXx, fig. 1. Recorded by Kellogg from Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, California). Recorded by European authors from same host and Tragopan satyrus. : Goniodes damicornis NiTzscH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XX VII, p. 119.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- mals, 1896, p. 231. Recorded by Osborn from the “ pigeon” (Columba livia) (Cassino collection). Recorded by European authors from Columba palumbus. Goniodes falcicornis N11zScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 231. Recorded by Osborn as ‘‘ common on the pea-fowl.” Recorded by European authors from Pavo cristatus. 3 |Goniodes mephitidis PACKARD, Kept. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, 1872, p. 732. Taken from a skunk, Mephitis, but probably a straggler from some gallinaceous bird which was the prey of the animal. | Family TRICHODECTID 4% Burmeister. Genus TRICHODECTES Nitzseh. Trichodectes Nivzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294. Trichodectes scalaris Nrtzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.— OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the Lower Animals, Bull. 7, Div. of Ent., U. 8. Dept. Ag., 1891, p. 47, fig. 36; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 238. From domestic cattle. : Trichodectes parumpilosus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 397, pl. XXx11, fig. 5.—OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 46, fig. 35; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 258. From the horse (Ames, Iowa). Trichodectes climax Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. From the domestic goat (Hassall collection, Baltimore). 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Trichodectes spherocephalus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ITI, © p. 296.—OsBorv, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. From domestic sheep (Canada and Iowa). Trichodectes limbatus GERVAIS, Apteres, IIT, 1844, p. 313, pl. vu, fig. 1.— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. From domestic goat (Hassall collection, Baltimore). Trichodectes subrostratus NirzScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.—OsBorn, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 42, fig. 31; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. From domestic cat (‘‘ Fitch and other American collections”). Trichodectes retusus NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.— OsBorNn, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 98; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. From Putorius ermineus (locality?) and the weasel (Ames, Iowa.) Trichodectes setosus GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VII, p. 86.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 239, fig. 145. From the porcupine Hrethizon dorsatum (Nebraska). Trichodectes crassus NrrzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1318, III, p. 295.— OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. From Procyon lotor (Burnett collection). Trichodectes geomydis OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 54, fig. 42; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 239, fig. 146. From Geomys bursarius (Ames, Iowa) and Thomomys botte (Cali- fornia). Trichodectes parallelus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 240, fig. 148. From the “deer” (species?) (Cornell collection). Trichodectes tibialis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 240, fig. 147. From black-tailed deer (Baker collection). Trichodectes castoris OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 241, fig. 149. From the beaver (locality ?). Trichodectes mephitidis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 242, fig. 150. From polecat, Spilogale interrupta (Tama County, lowa), and from Mephitis mephitica (Nebraska and California). Trichodectes quadraticeps CHAPMAN, Entomological News, 1897, VIII, p. 185, pl. 1X. From the fox, Urocyon virginianus (Palo Alto, California). Trichodectes californicus CHAPMAN, Entomological News, 1897, VIII, p. 186, pl. Ix. From the pocket mouse, Peroynathus sp. (Baja California). No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 69 Suborder AMBLYCERA Kellogg. Family LIOTHEIDA‘ Burmeister. Genus LZ MOBOTHRIUM Nitzsch. Lemobothrium Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 301. Lemobothrium similis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 153, pl. XIV, figs. 1, 2. From Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Lawrence, Kansas), Lemobothrium atrum NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p.302.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 155, pl. XIV, fig. 3—OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247. Recorded by Kellogg from Fulica americana (Bay of Monterey, California); by Osborn from unknown host. Recorded by European authors from Fulica atra and Podiceps rubricollis. Lemobothrium hasticeps NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247. Osborn’s specimens (by typographical error referred to as hastipes) were sent him by Dr. C. Hart Merriam; host and locality unin- dicated by Osborn. Recorded by European authors from Falco tinnunculus. Lemobothrium giganteum NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 301.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247. Recorded by Osborn from Thrysetos harpyia (Beutenmiiller). Recorded by European authors from Buteo vulgaris. Genus PHYSOSTOMUM Nitzseh. Physostomum NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302. Physostomum invadens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga III, 1899, p. 50. From Melanerpes wagleri and Chiroxiphia lanceolata (Panama). Physostomum lineatum OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 248. From Trochilus colubris (Cornell University collection). Physostomum prominens KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 137, pl. 1x, fig. 5. From Colypte coste (Ontario, California). Physostomum angulatum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 515, pl. LxXx, fig. 5. From Tyrannus tyrannus (Lawreuce, Kansas). Physostomum sucinaceum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga II, 1896, p. 514, pl. Lxx, fig. 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 137. From Hmpidonax difficilis (Palo Alto, California). TO _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL Physostomum diffusum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 518, pl. LXX, fig. 3; var. pallidum KELLOGG, Idem, p. 519.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- phaga ITI, 1899, p. 137. Recorded by Kellogg from Zonotrichia coronata and Passerculus sandvicensis (Paio Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Junco hyemalis oregonus (Pullman, Washington). Variety pallidum Kellogg, from Junco sp. (Lawrence, Kansas). Physostomum microcephalum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 518, le Teprexg, rier, IE, From Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Palo Alto, California). Physostomum australe KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 516, pl. LXX, fig. 4. From Passerina versicolor (Cameron County, Texas). Physostomum pallens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 49, [OM IA, 1iker: Ci From Protonotaria citrea and Hlainea subpagana (Panama). Physostomum frenatum NiTzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p. 442.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 248. Recorded by Osborn from “golden-crowned Kinglet” (Regulus satrapa) (Laurent collection). ‘ Very similar forms from Passerella iliaca (Cassino collection), and Pipilo erythrophthalmus, from Dr. Merriam” (Osborn). Recorded by Nitzsch from Regulus verus. Genus TRINOTON Nitzseh. Trinoton NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300. Trinoton luridum NitrzscuH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.— OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 199.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 152, pl. x11, fig. 4.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 248.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cali- fornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITT, 1899, p.35.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mal- lophaga, III, 1899, p. 116. Recorded by Osborn from Anas boschas; “have met with it a number of times myself, and have noted it in collections of the U. S. National Museum, the Cassino collection, from Mergus ser- rator, Bruner collection, Kellogg collection, ete.” (Osborn). recorded by Kellogg from Spatula clypeata, Merganser serrator, Anas carolinensis, Dafila acuta, Anas boscas, and Anas americana (Lawrence, Kansas); from Hrismatura rubida (Monterey, Califor- nia), and from Anas carolinensis (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Anas americana and Aythya marila nearctica (Palo Alto, California), and from Spatula clypeata (Mountain View, California). NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. (Al — Recorded by European authors from numerous species of Anas and from other ducks; and also from Branta rufina and Egretta alba. Trinoton lituratum Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 151, pl. xi, fig. 3—_OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animais, 1896, p. 248.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Malloph- aga, III, 1899, p. 116. Recorded by Kellogg from Dafila acuta and Merganser serrator (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from ‘“blue-winged teal” (Cassino collection); by Kellogg and Chapman from Spatula clypeata (Moun- tain View, California). Recorded by European authors from Mergus albellus, Anas clyp- eata, Dendrocygna arborea, and Anser albifrons. Trinoton minor OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 248. From Oidemia sp. (Burnett collection). Genus ANCISTRONA Westwood. Ancistrona WESTWOOD, Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis, 1874, p. 197. Ancistrona gigas PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, Supplement, 1885, p. 117, pl. XI, fig. 8_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 150, pl. x11, figs. 1, 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 116. Recorded by Kellogg from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F’. q. rodgersii, and by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia, and P. griseus (all hosts from Bay of Monterey, California). Recorded by Piaget from Procellaria glacialis. Genus NITZSCHIA Denny. Nitzschia DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 230. Nitzschia pulicaris Nitzscu, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VITI, p. 304.—OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculid, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 199; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247, Recorded by Osborn from Cheetura pelasgica (Ames, Lowa). Recorded by European authors from Cypselus apus. Nitzschia dubius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 540, pl. Lx x11, fig. 6. From OChetura pelasgica (Lawrence, Kansas). Genus COLPOCEPHALUM Nitzsch. Colpocephalum Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 298. Colpocephalum perplanus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 109, pl. v1I, fig. 8. From Lunda cirrhata (Bay of Monterey, California). 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. Colpocephalum funebre KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 147, pl. xu, fig. 7— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1897, p. 111. Recorded by Kellogg from Larus glaucescens (Bay of Monterey, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from ZL. heermanni (Bay of Monterey, California). Colpocephalum lari PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 96, pl. le talfe, I From Larus marinus (locality ?). Colpocephalum abbotti KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 36, pl. Iv, fig. 9. From Larus sp. (Baja California). Colpocephalum fuscipes PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 567, pl. XLYVII, fig. 7.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. Recorded by Osborn from Larus sp. (Cassino collection). Recorded by Piaget from Larus dominicanus. Colpocephalum pingue KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 144, pl. XH, fig. 5 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 111. From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). Colpocephalum unciferum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 140, pl. xu, figs. 1-3. From Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas) and P. cali- Jornicus (Bay of Monterey, California). Colpocephalum spineum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 38, leas, filer ol From Fregata aquila (Panama). Colpocephalum laticeps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, 1, 1896, p. 149, pl. XII, fig. 8. From Ardea egretta (Lawrence, Kansas). Colpocephalum assimile PIAGET’, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 544.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. Recorded by Osborn from Ames, Iowa (Osborn collection), host not specifically given, but by implication Grus americana; also from “whooping crane” (Grus americana) (Lamar, Colorado). Recorded by Piaget from Grus americana (Zoological Garden of Lotterdam). Colpocephalum uniforme KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 142, pl. xT, fio. 4. From Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas). NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 13 Colpocephalum ochraceum NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. [nt., 1818, iil, p. 299.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. Recorded by Osborn from Tringa maculata (Burnett collection). Recorded by European authors from Vanellus cristatus, V. varius, Himantopus rufipes, Charadrius morinellus, Tringa variabilis, Li- mosa rufa, Macrorhamphus griseus, Charadrius hiaticula, Totanus hypoleucus, Heematopus ostralegus, and Sterna minuta. Colpocephalum spinulosum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 563, pl. XLVU, fig. 3; var. minor KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 112, pl. vil, fig. 9. Variety minor Kellogg and Chapman, from Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California). The species recorded by Piaget from Limosa melanura. Colpocephalum timidum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 145, pl. XI, fig. 6 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 112. Recorded by Kellogg from Charadrius dominicus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from C. squatarola (Pacifie Grove, California). Colpocephalum longicaudum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 534, pl. XLIV, fig. 6.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. Recorded by Osborn from ‘carrier pigeon” (Bur nett collection). ‘“ Also @ Specimen very similar on Gallus gallus (Burnett collec- tion)” (Osborn). Recorded by Piaget from Columba domestica and ‘*probablement comme deserteur” from Phasianus reevesii. Colpocephalum flavescens NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ILI, p. 298.—OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculid, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 525, pl. LXXI, fig. 4.OsBorvy, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 113. Recorded by Osborn from Hlanoides forficatus (Ames, lowa); by Kellogg from Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis and Halietus leu- cocephalus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from Aquila chrysetos (Palo Alto, California), and Haliwtus pelagicus (brought to California from Arctic Ocean). Recorded by European authors from Halictus albicilla, H. leuco- gaster, Aquila nevia Gypetos barbatus, Harpyia destructor, Mil- vus regalis, Astur palumbarius, Falco peregrinus, Pernis apivorus, Buteo vulgaris, Circus cinereus, and Nyctea nivea. Colpocephalum osborni KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 521, io LXXI, figs. 2 and 3. Reon Elanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California). 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII Colpocephalum maculatum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 516, pl. XLT, fig. 1—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cal- ifornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, 11, 1899, p. 40, pl. Iv, fig. 2. Recorded by Kellogg from Polyborus cheriway (Baja California). Recorded by Piaget from Polyborus brasiliensis (Zoological Gar- den of Rotterdam). Colpocephalum subpachygaster PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 517, pl. XLII, fig. 2.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. Recorded by Osborn from Bubo virginianus (Burnett collection). Recorded by Piaget from Strix noctua, S. flammea, and 8. passerind. Colpocephalum pustolusum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 559, pl. XLVI, fig. 8.— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. Recorded by Osborn from Ceryle aleyon (Burnett collection). Recorded by Piaget from Machetes pugnax. Colpocephalum subeequale NITZScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1818, II, p. 299, KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 525, pl. Lx xi, fig. 1; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 40. Recorded by Kellogg from Corvus americanus (Palo Alto, Cal- ifornia) and Corvus corax sinuatus (Baja California). Recorded by European authors from Corvus corax, C. frugilegus, and C. corone. Colpocephalum chrysopheum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 520, pl. LXX1, fig. 1. From Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Palo Alto, California). Colpocephalum grandiculum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 113, pl. vi, fig. 10. From Pipilo fuscus crissalis (Palo Alto, California). Colpocephalum diffusum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 40, pl. IV, figs. 3, 4. Recorded by Kellogg from Amblycercus holosericeus, Arremonops striaticeps, Sultator albicollis, Phenicothraupis fuscicauda, Hlainea subpagana, Dendroica vieilloti, Piaya cayana thermophila, Chiroxt- phia lanceolata, and Butorides virescens. Colpocephalum fumidum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 523, pl. LXXI, fig. 5. From Psaltriparus minimus (Palo Alto, California). NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 15 Genus MENOPON Nitzseh. Menepon Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 299. Menopon tridens Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p. 440.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896 (varieties pacificum Kellogg, insolens Kellogg, and par Kellogg), p. 165, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244.—KEL- LOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 116. Recorded by Kellogg, variety pacificum Kellogg, from Urinator pacificus and Fulica americana (Monterey, California); variety inso- lens Kellogg from Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Bay of Monte- rey, California); and Sterna forstert (Lawrence, Kansas), variety par Kellogg, from Achmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence, Kansas). Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (Ames, Iowa). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Rallus obsoletus and R. virgimianus (Palo Alto, California). Menopon infrequens KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 161, pl. xv, fig. 5. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- fornia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 117. Recorded by Kellogg from Larus glaucescens (Bay of Monterey, California), by Kellogg and Chapman from L. delawarensis (same locality). Menopon navigans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 156, pl. x1v, figs. 4, 5. From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). Menopon irrumpens KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 117, pl. vin, fig. 1. From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). Menopon numerosum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 159, pl. xv, fioael: From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersii (Bay of Monterey, California). Mencpon paululum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 119, pl. v111, fig. 2. From Puffinus gavia, P. griseus, and P. creatopus (Bay of Monte- rey, California). Menopon petulans KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 121, pl. v111, fig. 3. From Puffinus gavia and P. griseus (Bay of Monterey, California). Menopon titan PrAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 503, pl. XL, fig. 7.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896 (varieties impar Kellogg and linearis Kellogg) p. 163, pl. xv, fig. 2,— KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899 (variety linearis Kellogg) p. 43.—KELLOGG and CHAP- 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899 (varieties linearis Kellogg and incompositum Kellogg and Chapman), p. 123. Recorded by Kellogg, variety impar Kellogg from Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas); variety linearis Kellogg from Pelecanus californicus (Bay of Monterey, California, and Baja Cal- ifornia); by Kellogg and Chapman, variety incompositum Kellogg and Chapman from Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Bay of Monterey, California). Menopon consanguineum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, Supplement, 1885, p. 116, pl. x11, fig. 7— RILEY and HowARbD, Insect Life, 1893, V, p. 284.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. Recorded by Riley and Howard from “ white pelican” (River- dale, California); by Osborn from “ pelican” (Pelecanus erythro- rhynchus) (Ames, Iowa), and on “‘ specimens examined in collections of United States National Museum, Kansas University, Boston Society of Natural History, etc.” Menopon aurifasciatum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 43, pl. Iv, fig. 5. From Fregata aquila (Panama). Menopon loomisii KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 162, pl. xv, fig. 6. From Oidemia deglandi (Bay of Monterey, California). Menopon indistinctum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 157, pl. xv, figs. 6, 7. From Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas). Menopon crocatum NiITzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 392.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244. Recorded by Osborn from Philohela minor and Limosa hemastica (Burnett collection). Recorded by Nitzsch from Numenius arquata. Menopon pallescens Nrtzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitschr.f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XXVIII, p. 391.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. Recorded by Osborn from Colinus virginianus (Burnett collec- tion). Recorded by European authors from Perdix cinerea. Menopon striatum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 44, pl. Iv, fig. 6. From Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska). NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. all Menopon monostechum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 530, pl. LXXII, fig. 4. From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali- fornia). Menopon pallidum NitTzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 299.— OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. Recorded by Osborn from the domestic fowl. Recorded by European authors from the domestic fowl, pigeons, and ducks. Menopon biseriatim PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 469, pl. Xxxvit, fig. 2,—_OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. Recorded by Osborn from domestic fowl (Baltimore; Cornell Uni- versity collection). Recorded by Piaget from domestic fowl, Huplocamus cuvieri, Phasianus colchicus, Pavo speciferus, aud Meleagris gallopavo. Menopon longicephalum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 535, pl. LXx1Ii, fig. 4. From the pigeon, Columba livia (Lawrence, Kansas). Menopon decoratum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p.526, pl. Lx x11, fig. 2. From Hlanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California). Menopon fulvo-fasciatum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 417, pl. xxxtiI, fig. 3—OsBorv, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244. Recorded by Osborn from Milvus sp. incog. {Burnett collection). Recorded by Piaget from Buteo vulgaris, and a variety, minor, from Accipiter nisus. Menopon funereum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 124, pl. v111, fig. 6. From Dryobates pubescens gairdnert and Coccothraustes vesper- tinus montanus (California). Menopon precursor KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 46, pl. 1v, fig. 8. From Melanerpes uropygialis (Baja California). Menopon distinctum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 126, pl. v111, fig. 7. From Myiarchus cinerascens and Heleodytes brunneicapillus (Onta- rio, California). Menopon persignatum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 128, pl. 1x, fig. 1. From Aphelocoma californica (Mountain View, California). Menopon interruptus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 245, pl. H, fig. h. From Corvus americanus (Ames, lowa; also Burnett collection). 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XX. Menopon mesoleucum NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ITI, p. 300.—. KELLOGG, var. americanum Kellogg, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 539, pl. LXXIII, fig. 3. Variety americanum Kellogg from Corvus americanus (Lawrence, Kansas, and Palo Alto, California). The species recorded by European authors from Corvus cornia and C. corone. Menopon expansum OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 245, pl. 01, fig. j. From Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Burnett collection). Menopon crassipes PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 450, pl. xxxv, fig. 7.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244. Recorded by Osborn from Jecterus galbula (Burnett collection). Recorded by Piaget from Hpimachus magnificus. Menopon carduelis DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 2 8, pl. Xx, fig. 7.-OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244, Recorded by Osborn from Spinus tristis (Burnett collection). Recorded by Denny from Fringilla cardueiis. Menopon mestum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 130, pl. 1x, fig. 2. From Zonotrichia coronata and Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Palo Alto, California). Menopon melanorum KELLOGG, New Maillophaga, II, 1896, p. 532, pl. LXXti, tig. 1 From Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Lawrence, Kansas). Menopon dissimile KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 536, pl. LXXIUM, fig. 5. From Progne subis (Lawrence, Kansas). Menopon rusticum GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 288._-OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. Recorded by Osborn from Progne subis (Ames, Lowa). Recorded by Giebel from Hirundo rustica. Menopon malleus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1818 (Hureum), ITT, p. 301.--KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Califor- nia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 133, pl. rx, fig. 3. Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Petrochelidon lunifrons (Ontario, California). Recorded by European authors from Hirundo rustica. Menopon ridulosum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 4. From Dendroica estiva (Palo Alto, California). NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 719 Menopon robustum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 528, pl. LXXxI, fig. 3. From Psaltriparus minimus (Palo Alto, California). Menopon incertum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 533, pl. LXXIII, fig. 2—_ KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 130. Recorded by Kellogg from Turdus ustulatus and Spinus tristis (Palo Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Chondestes grammacus strigatus (Ontario, California), and Thryothorus bewicki spilurus (Palo Alto, California). Menopon fusco-marginatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 245. From Turdus minor (Burnett collection). Geass GYRO WS INhiwaselag Gyropus NITZscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302. Gyropus ovalis Nirzscu, Germars Mag. f. Ent., 1818, III, p. 304.— OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216, and p. 249, fig. 140. Recorded by Osborn from guinea pig (Cavia sobaya) (Baltimore). Recorded by European authors from same host, which is its only one. Gyropus gracilis NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 304.— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 215, and p. 249, fig. 139. Recorded by Osborn from guinea pig (Cavia sobaya) (Baltimore). Reported by European authors from same host, which is its only one. SUMMARY. So far 282 species of Mallophaga have been recorded from North American hosts, of which 264 species are from birds and 18 from mam- mals, These species of Mallophaga represent 18 out of the 21 recog- nized genera. Ail of these genera except one (Giebelia) were estab- lished for specimens taken from European hosts. Of the 264 species of Mallophaga from North American birds, 107 are species originally described from European hosts (in 11 cases the American specimens being called varieties). The remaining 157 species were described from American hosts. ist On Osis: WirMel PAwky ASME is: BIRDS. The sequence and nomenclature of hosts is, where possible, that of the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American Birds, second edition, 1895; where the hosts have been recorded under names not recognized by the Check-list I have, where the synonymy 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. could certainly be made out, used the Check-list name. In cases of doubtful records or references to vernacular names only of host, I have indicated the doubt by a preceding point of interrogation and have given exact reference to the record in following parentheses: ZEchmophorus occidentalis. Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. par Kellogg. Colymbus nigricollis californicus. Docophorus pertusus Nitzsch. lari Denny. kansensis Kellogg. Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and Chapman. Laemobothrium similis Kellogg. Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. insolens Kellogg. Urinator pacificus. Docophorus colymbinus Denny. graviceps Kellogg. Oncophorus advena Kellogg. Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg. Urinator lumme. Docophorus colymbinus Denny. lari Denny. Tipeurus faralloni Kellogg. (Straggler ?) Lunda cirrhata. Nirmus pacificus Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum perplanum Kellogg and Chapman. Cerorhinca monocerata. Docophorus acutipectus Kellogg. Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman. Ptychoramphus aleuticus. Docophorus insolitus Kellogg. montereyt Kellogg. Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman. Simorhynchus cristatellus. Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh. Simorhynchus pygmeus. Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh. Simorhynchus pusillus. Nirmus citrinus Nitzsch. Synthliboramphus antiquus. Docophorus atricolor Kellogg. montereyt Kellogg. Nirmus citrinus Nitzsch. maritemus Kelle vg and Chapman. No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAG A—KELLOGG. Sl Brachyramphus marmoratus. Docophorus atricolor Kellogg. montereyt Kellogg. Cepphus columba. Docophorus procax Kellogg. Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and Chapman. pacificus Kellogg and Chanman Uria troile californica. Docophorus calous Kellogg. Alle alle. Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh. Stercorarius pomarinus. Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister. Nirmus triangulatus Nitzsch. Lipeurus laculatus Kellogg and Chapman. Rissa tridactyla pollicaris. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap- man. Larus glaucus. Docophorus lari Denny. Larus glaucescens. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg Menopon infrequens Kellogg. Larus marinus. Colpocephalum lari Packard. uarus occidentalis. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. punctatus Nitzsch. Larus argentatus smithsonianus. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and Chapman. lineolatus Nitzsch. Larus vege. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg aud Chap- man. Larus californicus. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOu. XXII Larus delawarensis. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. punctatus Nitzsch. Menopon infrequens Kellogg. Larus brachyrhynchus. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap- man. Larus canus. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. linecolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap- man. Larus heermanni. Docophorus lari Denny. Nirmus felix Giebel. lineolatus Nitzsch. Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg. Larus philadelphia. Docophorus lari Denny. Larus sp. Colpocephalum abbotti Kellogg. Larus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 246.) Colpocephalum fuscipes Piaget. Sterna maxima. Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister. Nirmus hebes Kellogg. prestans Kellogg. Sterna forsteri. Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. insolens Kellogg. Diomedea nigripes. Tipeurus confidens Kellogg. densus Kellogg. Hurymetopus brevis Dutour. Diomedea albatrus. Nirmus giganticola Kellogg. Iipeurus concinnus Kellogg aud Chapman. diversus Kellogg (stragglers ?). densus Kellogg. ferox Giebel. Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. (Straggler?) Hurymetopus brevis Dufour. Colpocephalum pingue Kellogg. Menopon irrumpens Kellogg and Chapman. navigans Kellogg. NO. 1185. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 83 Dicmedea exulans. EHurymetopus brevis Dufour. Diomedea brachyura. LTipeurus ferox Giebel. Fulmarus glacialis glupischa. Docophorus occidentalis Kellogg. Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman. Tipeurus celer Kellogg. varius Kellogg. Hurymetopus brevis Dufour (straggler?). Ancisirona gigas Piaget. Menopon numerosum Kellogg. Fulmarus glacialis rodgersi. Docophorus occidentalis Kellogg. Iipeurus celer Kellogg. varius Kellogg. Hurymetopus brevis Dufour. Ancistrona gigas Piaget. Menopon numerosum Kellogg. Puffinus creatopus. Tipeurus diversus Kellogg. laculatus Kellogg and Chapman. Juliginosus Taschenberg, var. major Kellogg and Chapman. testaceus Taschenberg. Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapman. Puffinus gavia. : Docophorus validus Kellogg and Chapman. Tipeurus diversus Kellogg. fuliginosus Taschenberg, var. major Kellogg and Chapman. limitatus Kellogg. testaceus Taschenberg. Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg and Chapman. Kurymetopus brevis Dufour (straggler?). Ancistrona gigas Piaget. Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapmaia. petulans Kellogg and Chapman. Puffinus griseus. Nirmus pacificus Kellogg and Chapman. giganticola Kellogg. Lipeurus diversus Kellogg. limitatus Kellogg. Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. Anecistrona gigas Piaget. Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapman. petulans Kellogg and Chapman. 84 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIi. Puffinus teauiorosiris. Lipeurus diversus Kellogg. limitatus Kellogg. Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. Puffinus bulleri. Lipeurus diversus Kellogg. limitatus Kellogg. Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. (2) Oceanites oceanicus (‘' Thalassidroma wilsoni;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 235). Lipeurus subangusticeps Piaget. Phaéthon ethereus. Docophorus phactonus Osborn. Sula alba. LTipeurus pullatus Nitzsch. Sula bassana. Lipeurus pullatus Nitzseh. (2) Sula sp. (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217.) Docophorus bassane Denny. Phalacrocorax penicillatus. Lipeurus farallon Kellogg. Menopon titan Nitzsch var. incompositum Kellogg. Phalacrocorax dilophus. LTipeurus longicornis Piaget. Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus. Tipeurus faralloni Kellogg. toxoceros Nitzsch. Pelecanus erythrorhynchus. LTipeurus forficulatus Nitzsch. bifasciatus Piaget. Colpocephalum unciferum Kellogg. Menopon consanguneum Piaget. titan Nitzsch var. impar Kellogg. Pelecanus californicus. Tipeurus for ficulatus Nitzsch. toxoceros Nitzsch. (Straggler?) Colpocephalum unciferum Kellogg. Menopon titan Nitzsch var. linearis Kellogg. Fregata aquila. Tipeurus gracilicornis Piaget, var. major Kellogg. Colpocephalum spineum Kellogg. Menopon aurifasciatum Kellogg. No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 85 Merganser serrator. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. temporalis Nitzsch. Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch. luridum Nitzsch. Anas boschas. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. Anas americana. Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. Anas carolinensis. Docophorus icterodes Nitzseh. Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. Anas discors. Trinoton lituratum Nitzsech. Spatula clypeata. Tipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch. luridum Nitzsch. Dafila acuta. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. Trinoton lituratwm Nitzsch. luridum Nitzsch. Aythya americana. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. _Aythya marila nearctica. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. Aythya affinis. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. Charitonetta albeola. LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. Eniconetta stelleri. Tipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. Oidemia deglandi. TInpeurus constrictus Kellogg. Menopon loomisi Kellogg. Oidemia perspicillata. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. occidentalis Kellogg. Lipeurus constrictus Kellogg. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Oidemia sp. (‘‘ Butter-bill Coot, Oidemia;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom, An., 1896, p. 248.) Trinoton minor Osborn. Erismatura rubida. Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. pertusus Nitzsch. Lipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. Anser albifrons. LTipeurus jejunus Nitzsch. Branta canadensis. Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny. (?) Olor buccinator. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, pp. 217, 236.) Docophorus cygnt Denny. Ornithobius cygni Linneus. (2) Ajaja ajaja. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217.) Docophorus sphenophorus Nitzsch. Guara alba. Docophorus bisignatus Nitzsch. Botaurus lentiginosus. Tipeurus botaurt Osborn. Botaurus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom An., 1896, p. 234.) LTipeurus leucopygus fasciata Piaget. Ardea egretta. Colpocephalum laticeps Kellogg. Ardea virescens. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Grus americana. Colpocephalum assimile Piaget. Rallus obsoletus. Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap- man. Menopon tridens Nitzsch. Rallus virginianus. Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap- man. : Menopon tridens Nitzsch. Porzana nove boracensis. Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. porzane Piaget. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 87 Fulica americana. Docophorus graviceps Kellogg. minutotrabeculatus Osborn. quadraticeps Kellogg. pertusus Nitzsch. Tipeurus longipilus Kellogg. luridus Nitzsch. picturatus Kellogg. Oncophorus advena Kellogg. minutus Nitzsch. Lemobothrium atrum Nitzsch. Menopon tridens Nitzsch. tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg. Phalaropus tricolor. Nirmus furvus Nitzsch. Recurvirostra americana. (‘‘Avocet,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 224.) Nirmus signatus Piaget. piceus Nitzsch. Colpocephalum uniforme Kellogg. Menopon indistinctum Kellogg. Philohela minor. Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn. Menopon crocatum Nitzsch. Tringa maculata. Colpocephalum ochraceum Nitzsch. Tringa minutilla. Docophorus fusiformis Denny. Nirmus complexivus Kellogg and Chapman. Tringa sp. ~ Mrmus fissus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg. Tringa sp. Docophorus cordiceps Giebel. ‘ Black-billed Sandpiper” (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217). Docophorus fusiformis Denny. Calidris arenaria. Nirmus actophilus Kellogg and Chapman. complexivus Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum spinulosum Piaget, var. minor Kellogg and Chap- mal. Limosa fedoa. Nirmus cordatus Osborn. Limosa hemastica. Nirmus cordatus Osborn. Menopon crocatum Nitzseh. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Bartramia longicauda. Docophorus testudinarius Denny. Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn. Actitis macularia. Docophorus cordiceps Giebel. Nirmus furvus Nitzsch, var. ravus Kellogg. Numenius longirostris. Docophorus testudinarius Denny. Charadrius squatarola. Docophorus fuliginosus Kellogg. Nirmus incenis Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg. Charadrius dominicus. Nirmus orarius Kellogg. Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg. AKgialitis vocifera. ; Nirmus boephilus Kellogg. parallelus Osborn. ZEgialitis semipalmata. Docophorus fuliginosus Kellogg. Nirmus opacus Kellogg and Chapman. Colinus virginianus. Nirmus abruptus Osborn. LTipeurus dissimilis Piaget. Goniodes ortygis Piaget. Menopon pallescens Nitzsch. (2) Colinus virginianus. (‘ Quail;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 230.) Gontodes dispar Nitzsch. Oreortyx pictus plumiferus. = Lipeurus docophoroides Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap- man. Callipepla californica. Lipeurus docophoroides Piaget. Goniodes mammillatus Rudow. Dendragopus obscurus fuliginosus. LTipeurus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman. (2) Dendragopus obscurus richardsoni. (Packard, Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Survey, 1872, p. 731.) © Goniodes merriamanus Packard. Lagopus lagopus. LTipeurus protervus Kellogg. Goniodes mammillatus Rudow. Menopon striatum Kellogg. No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 89 Tympanuchus americanus. Goniodes cupido Giebel. Pedioceetes phasianellus columbianus. Lipeurus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman. Goniodes mammillatus Rudoay. Gallus gallus. (2) Colpocephalum longicaudum Piaget. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 246.) Gallus domesticus. (Domestic fowl.) Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch. variabilis Nitzsch. Menopon biseriatum Piaget. pallidum Nitzsch. Meleagris gallopavo. (Turkey.) Tipeurus polytrapezius. Goniodes stylifer Nitzsch. Phasianus nycthemerus. Lipeurus introductus Kellogg. Goniocotes creber Kellogg. Goniodes cervinicornis Giebel. Menopon monostechum Kellogg. Pavo cristatus. (Peacock.) Goniodes falcicornis Nitzsch. Columba livia. (Domestic pigeon.) Lipeurus baculus Nitzsch. Goniocotes compar Nitzsch. Goniodes damicornis Nitzsch. Colpocephalum longicaudum Piaget. Menopon longicephalum Kellogg. Elanoides forficatus. (‘‘Swallow-tailed kite;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 246.) Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. Elanus leucurus. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Colpocephalum osborni Kellogg. Menopon decoratum Kellogg. Elanus sp. (‘4 Milvus sp.”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 244.) Menopon fulvofasciatum Piaget. Circus hudsonius. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Accipiter velox. Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Accipiter atricapillus striatulus. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Buteo borealis calurus. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Buteo borealis lucusanus. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Buteo lineatus. Docophorus buteonis Packard. Buteo swainsoni. Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis. Docophorus taurocephalus Kellogg. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. Aquila chrysaétos. Docophorus pictus Giebel. _ Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. Aquila imperialis. Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch. Thrasaétos harpyia (‘‘Harpy eagle”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 247). Lemobothrium giganteum Nitzseh. Haliaétus leucocephalus. Docophorus halieti Osborn. Nirmus discocephalus amblys Kellogg. LTipeurus pustulatus Osborn. Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. Falco peregrinus anatum. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Falco sparverius deserticola. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Falco sparverius peninsularis. Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. Polyborus cheriway. Nirmus splendidus Kellogg. Colpocephalum maculatum Piaget. Strix pratincola. Docophorus rostratus Nitzsch. Asio wilsonianus. Docophorus cursor Nitzsch. Syrnium nebulosum. Docophorus speotyti Osborn. syrnvi Packard. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 91 Scotiaptex cinerea. Oncophorus remotus Kellogg and Chapman. Bubo virginianus. Docophorus bubonis Osborn. cursor Nitzsch. Colpocephalum subpachygaster Piaget. Nyctea nyctea. Docophorus ceblebrachys Nitzsch. Speotyto cunicularia hypogea. Docophorus speotyti Osborn. Crotophaga sulcirostris. LTipeurus macgregori Kellogg. Coccyzus americanus (‘‘ Yellow-billed cuckoo,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 222). Docophorus coccygt Osborn. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis. Docophorus latifrons Nitzsch, var. occidentalis Kellogg. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Nirnus fenestratus Nitzseh. Piaya cayana thermophila. Nirmus atopus Kellogg. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Ceryle alcyon. Colpocephalum pustulosum Piaget. Dryobates villosus. Docophorus superciliosus Nitzsch. Nirmus candidus Nitzsch. Dryobates pubescens. Docophorus evagans Rudow. Dryobates pubescens gairdneri. Menopon funereum Kellogg and Chapman. Dryobates nuttalli. Docophorus singularis Kellogg and Chapman. Xenopicus albolarvatus. Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. Sphyrapicus thyroideus. Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. Ceophleus pileatus. Nirmus marginatus Osborn. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdii. Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. Melaxerpes formicivorus angustifrons. Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Melanerpes carolinus. Nirmus candidus Nitzseh. Melanerpes uropygialis. Menopon precursor Kellogg. Melanerpes wagleri. Physostomum invadens Kellogg. Colaptes auratus. Docophorus jungens Kellogg. alienus Kellogg. Nirmus candidus Nitzsch. Chordeiles virginianus henryi. Lipeurus macrocephalus Kellogg. Cheetura pelagica. Niteschia pulicaris Nitzsch. dubius Kellogg. Trochilus colubris. Physostomum lineatum Osborn. Trochilus alexandri. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Colypte coste. Physostomum prominens Kellogg and Chapman. Colypte anna. Nirmus eustigmus Kellogg. Selasphorus rufus. Nirmus snodgrassi Kellogg. Tyrannus tyrannus. Physostomum angulatum Kellogg. Tyrannus verticalis. Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. Tyrannus atra. Docophorus buteonis Packard (probably a case of straggling; see Buteo lineatus). Tyrannus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 228.) Nirmus tyrannus Osborn. Myiarchus cinerascens. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Jusco-ventralis Osborn. rufus Kellogg. Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman. vulgatus Kellogg. Physostomum sp. Menopon distinctum Kellogg and Chapman. Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi. Docophorus rufus Kellogg. No. 1183. - NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 93 Sayornis saya. Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman. Physostomum sp. Contopus virens. Docophorus fuscowentralis Osborn. Contopus richardsonii. Physostomum sp. = Empidonax difficilis. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus ductilis Kellogg and Chapman. vulgatus Kellogg. Physostomum sucinaceum Kellogg. sp.? Elainea subpagana. Physostomum pallens Kellogg. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Otocoris alpestris. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Otocoris alpestris chrysolema. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Otocoris sp. (Osborn; ‘shore lark.” ) Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Nirmus vulgatus Rudow. Aphelocoma californica. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Menopon persignatum Kellogg and Chapman. Corvus corax sinuatus. Docophorus distinctus Kellogg. Colpocephalum subaequale Nitzsch. Corvus americanus. Docophorus corvi Osborn. Nirmus secundarius Osborn. rotundatus Osborn. Colpocephalum subaequale Nitzsch. Menopon mesoleucum Nitzsch, var. americanum Kellogg. interruptus Osborn. (2?) Corvus americanus. Tipeurus corvi Packard. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., p. 221, thinks this Lipeurus is an immature specimen of Docophorus corvt Osborn. ) Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Menopon expansum Osborn. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. Molothrus ater. Docophorus transpositus Kellogg. Xauthocephalus xanthocephalus. Nirmus ornatissimus Giebel, var. vanthocephali Osborn. Agelaius phoeniceus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. agelait Osborn. Nirmus illustris Kellogg. - ornatissimus Giebel. Sturnella magna. Nirmus picturatus Osborn. Sturnella magna neglecta. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Icterus galbula. Menopon crassipes Piaget. Icterus bullocki. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. (?) Quiscalus quiscula. (‘¢ Crow-blackbird,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 219.) Docophorus quiscalt Osborn. Amblycercus holosericeus. Nirmus virgatus Kellogg. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus. Menopon funereum Kellogg and Chapman. _Carpodacus purpureus californicus. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Physostomum microcephalum Kellogg. Loxia curvirostra minor. Docophorus compar Piaget. (?) Acanthis linaria (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 224). Nirmus cyclothorax Nitzseh. Spinus tristis, Menopon carduelis Piaget. incertum Kellogg. Spinus psaltria. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. Spinus pinus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Piectrophenax nivalis. Docophorus hamatus Packard. Nirmus thoracicus Packard. Calcarinus lapponicus. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Ammodramus sandwichensis. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Physostomum diffusum Kellogg. Chondestes grammacus strigatus. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Menopon incertum Kellogg. Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Zonotrichia coronata. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Physostomum diffusum Kellogg. Menopon mestum Kellogg and Chapman. Spizella socialis arizone. Docophorus communis. Junco hyemalis. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Junco hyemalis oregonus. _ Physostomum diffusum Kellogg. Junco hyemalis thurberi. Docophorus mirinotatus Kellogg and Chapman. Junco sp. Physostomum diffusum Kellogg, var. pallidum Kellogg. Amphispiza belli. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus lautiusculus Kellogg and Chapman. Melospiza fasciata samuelis, Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Colpocephalum chrysopheum Kellogg. Menopon mestum Kellogg and Chapman Physostomum sp. Melospiza fasciata heermanii. Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg and Chapman. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL Passerella iliaca. Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch. angulatum Kellogg. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch. Menopon melanorum Kellogg. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Physostomum sp. Pipilo fuscus crissalis. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg and Chapman. Physostomum sp. Cardinalis cardinalis. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Habia ludoviciana. Nirmus pallidus Osborn. Habia melanocephala. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Guiraca czerulea eurhyncha. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Passerina ameena. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. , Passerina versicolor. Physostomum australe Kellogg. Piranga ludoviciana. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Pheenicothraunis fuscicauda. Docophorus panamensis Kellogg. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Passer domesticus. Nirmus cyclothorax Nitzsch. Progne subis. Docophorus domesticus Kellogg. Nirmus gracilis Nitzsch. Menopon rusticum Giebel. dissimile Kellogg. Progne subis hesperus. Docophorus domesticus Kellogg. NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 97 Petrochelidon lunifrons. Docophorus excisus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg. Nirmus longus Kellogg. Menopon malleus Nitzsch. Chelidon erythrogaster. Nirmus longus Kellogg, var. domesticus Kellogg and Chapman. Tachycineta bicolor. Docophorus excisus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg. Nirmus longus Kellogg. Ampelis garrulus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus brachythorax Giebel. Ampelis cedrorum. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. incisus Kellogg. Nirmus brachythorax Giebel. Physostomum sp. Phainopepla nitens. Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. peninsularis Kellogg. Lanius borealis. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides. Docophorus communis Nitzseh. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. Vireo solitarius cassini (plumbeus?). Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Vireo bellii pusillus. Physostomum sp. Saltator albicollis. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Chiroxiphia lanceolata. Physostomum invadens Kellogg. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Arremonops striaticeps. Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. Protonotaria citrea. Physostomum pallens Kellogg. Helminthophila celata lutescens. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——7 98 Dendroica estiva, Docophorus conmunis Nitzsch. Nirmus interpositus Kellogg. vulgatus Kellogg. Menopon ridulosum Kellogg and Chapman. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Dendroica vieilloti. Nirmus interpositus Kellogg, Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. ‘ Icteria virens longicauda. Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. Cinclus mexicanus. Docophorus laticeps Giebel, var. americanus Kellogg. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. Nirmus orpheus Osborn. Harporhynchus rufus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Helodytes brunneicapillus. Menopon distinctus Kellogg and Chapman. malleus Nitzsch. Thryothorus bewicki spilurus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. mirus Kellogg and Chapman. Menopon incertum Kellogg. Parus inornatus. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Parus atricapillus occidentalis. Docophorus ruttert Kellogg, Parus gambeli, Nirmus vuigatus Kellogg. Parus rufescens neglectus. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. Psaltriparus minimus. Colpocephalum fumidum Kellogg. Menopon robustum Kellogg. Auriparus flaviceps. Nirmus audax Kellogg. Regulus satrapa. (‘‘Golden-crowned kinglet;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 248.) Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch. Turdus ustulatus. Menopon incertum Kellogg. Turdus aonalaschke auduboni. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. ides) ws) Turdus minor. Menopon fuscomarginatus Osborn. Merula migratoria. Docophorus communis Nitzsch Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. simplex Kellogg. Sialia sialis. Docophorus incisus Kellogg. stalit Osborn. Sialia mexicanus occidentalis. Docophorus communis Nitzsch. Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. MAMMALS. Cattle. Trichodectes scalaris Nitzsch. Horse. Trichodectes parumpilosus Piaget. Goat. Trichodectes climax Nitzsch. limbatus Gervais. Sheep. Trichodectes sperocephalus Nitzsch. Cat. Trichodectes subrostratus Nitzseh. Putorius ermineus. Trichodectes retusus Nitzsch. (?) Putorius vulgaris (‘‘ Weasel”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 237). Trichodectes retusus Nitzsch. Erethizon dorsatum. Trichodectes setosus Giebel. Procyon lotor. Trichodectes crassus Nitzsch. Geomys bursarius. Trichodectes geomydis Osborn. Thomomys botte. Trichodectes geomydis Osborn. (?) Cariacus virginianus (‘‘Deer”); Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 241). Trichodectes parallelus Osborn. Cariacus columbianus. Trichodectes tibialis Osborn. Castor canadensis. Trichodectes castoris Osborn. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. Spilogale interrupta. Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn. Mephites mephitica. Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn. Cavia sobaya. Gyropus ovalis Nitzsch. gracilis Nitzsch. SUMMARY. Genera of North American birds from which Mallophaga are ECOL oii rcs aye weed Se, ona ge eet ee en Species of North American birds from which Mallophaga are ROO ROS 0 MRE oMee MMM raids HLM Be Ree a Dae oc Species of North American mammals (including domestic ani- mals) from which Mallophaga are recorded.........-.-..--.-- 167 257 NEW SPECIES OF NOCTURNAL MOTHS OF THE GENUS CAMPOMETRA, AND NOTES. By Joun B. Sm1TH, Se. D., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The genus Campometra was described in 1852 by Guenee,! and the sole species and therefore generic type, amella, was figured (Pl. X VIIT, fig. 8). Mr. Grote never positively identified this species, although the picture is good and the markings are characteristic. In the Neumoe- gen collection he did note, however, to a specimen of Hubolina stylobata a Suggestion that it might be C. amella, and that proves to be correct without reasonable doubt. I have not seen the Guenée type, but both description and picture apply to stylobata and to nothing else. The type of stylobata I saw in the collection of the British Museum, and on direct comparison with the type of Homoptera integerrima Walker found the two identical. The synonymy then seems to be fairly well established, as follows: Campometra amella GUENEER, Sp. Gen. Noct., III, 1852, p. 25, pl. x vin, fig. 8. Homoptera integerrima WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Het., XIII, 1857, p. 1057. Homoptera stylobata HARVEY, Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 155. EHubolina stylobata GROTE, New List, 1882, p. 42. The genus Hubolina was described by Harvey? for his species impar- tialis, described at the same time, and that is therefore the type of the genus. In 1882 Mr. Henry Edwards described Hubolina mesket, and in the same year Mr. Grote referred Homoptera mima Harvey to Hubolina in his New List; the genns thus containing four species, two of which its describer had not considered as referable to it when they were characterized by him. EH. impartialis differs in color and general appearance from the allied forms, and on the female, which only I have at hand, the middle tibie are lengthily spinulated, the clothing close, the armature in a single series and very prominent. Campometra amella has the legs all shorter and quite densely clothed with hair and scales, the middle tibiz with apparently a few scattered spinules. In the male there seem to be no sexual tuftings on this member. 1Spec. Gen. Noct., III, p. 25. ? Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 1875, p. 281. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1184. see 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. xxu. Homoptera mima has the tibie moderately clothed, not at all spinu- lated, in the male with distinct brush-like tufts of scales on the middle pair. HH. meskei is inaccessible to me at present writing, but its appearance is such that I would expect to find it in accord with the generic type, and to impartialis and mesket I would tentatively restrict the term Bubolina.! A close ally of C. amella in structure, size, and general type of macu- lation is: CAMPOMETRA BILINEATA, new species. Ground color umber brown, a little dusted with reddish. Head im- maculate. Collar a little paler at base, tipped with steely blackish. Thoracic disk intermixed with similar deep blue-black scales, which also sprinkle the patagiz and extend over the abdomen. Abdominal tuftings brown, gray scales becoming dominant at the sides and beneath. Primaries with clean, well-marked ornamentation. Basal line single, black, broken, accompanied by a brownish shade which breaks the otherwise solidly dark basal space, the tint being bluish black. Trans- verse anterior line single, upright, with a small outward bend just below the cell. Transverse posterior line single, red brown, irregu- larly crenulated, outcurved over the reniform, with a deep acute inward tooth in the submedian interspaces. Subterminal line incomplete, vaguely defined, white, slender, denticulate in the costal region, lost below that point except as it is marked by dusky clouds to vein 2, below which it is brown and slender to the margin. A broken blackish transverse line just before the margin. Just within the center of the wing are two upright, slightly wavy, prominent black lines, just enough sey arated to avoid a band. The inner is somewhat narrower, sharper, and more intensely black, the outer broader and a little diffuse. Orbicu- lar wanting in the specimen. Reniform large, irregularly oval, white, with narrow brown central lines. Secondaries a little more powdery and diffuse in ground color. A geminate black line at basal third, which does not reach either margin. A broad, dusky, submarginal shade, which is suffused with rusty reddish at its middle and terminates at the anal angle in a steely black spot. A broken, narrow, black termi- nal line and the fringes with a crenulated black interline. Beneath whitish, powdery, wings darkening outwardly. Primaries with an inner dusky band marked on the costa only, and an outer one which extends nearly half across the wing. Secondaries with an inner dusky band, which forms a lunule in the cell, a broken, diffuse, median shade and a submarginal clouding which forms a marked dusky patch above the anal angle. Expands 1.75 inches=44 mm. ! Dr. Dyar informs me that the type of meskei is a male, has unarmed middle tibie, and no sexual tuftings. On general color and wing form the two may yet be held together until more material gives us better basis for other action. } NO. 1184. _ NEW NOCTURNAL MOTHS—SMITH. 103 Tyve.—No. 4316, U.S.N.M. Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas; June 10; Townsend, No. 544. A single female specimen from the U.S. National Museum. The resembiance to amella in size, form, and general appearance is obvious; but the distinctive feature, the parallel black lines near the center of the wing, is equally prominent. A further difference is that in amella the subterminal line is well defined, angulated and prominent, while in the new species this line is practically obsolete. It should be added to the description that an irregularly waved, somewhat diffuse bluish black band runs through the subterminal space and crosses the subterminal line at its inception on the costa. CAMPOMETRA CINCTIPALPIS, new species. Ground color a deep purplish red-brown, the primaries with elevated black, squamose vestiture that gives a velvety appearance. Front with a paie yellowish, transverse band, a pale tuft at base of each: antenna, and the palpi pale banded. Thorax purplish without defined markings, Primaries with an intermingling of pale and yellowish seales that gives a somewhat mossy appearance and obscures the ordi- nary maculation. Basal line faintly traceable by black scales. Trans- verse anterior line upright, blackish, a little wavy, preceded by a purplish shade which is itself limited by a darker brown, diffuse, Shading; followed by a mossy brown shade line. A narrow, black, irregular median line of elevated scales. ‘Transverse posterior line narrow, black, irregularly waved and toothed, squarely exserted over the reniform and almost as squarely inset beneath it; followed at some distance by a broader, less defined, and more even brown shading. Subterminal line distinet, pale, irregularly but not greatly sinuated. Orbicular small, round, incompletely and obscurely brown ringed and with a brown central dot. Reniform not defined, marked by a small upper and larger lower white spot, the two connected by a narrow, white line. Secondaries uniform smoky brown, the fringes with a pale inter- line. Beneath, primaries smoky, powdery, with a partial extramedian transverse line. Secondaries whitish, powdery at base, with a brown diseal spot and a crenulated brown median line, beyond which the wing is brown nearly to the margin, which is again whitish. Expands 1.35 inches=34 mm. Type.—No. 4315, U.S.N.M. Habitat.—Cocoanut Grove, Florida; E. A. Schwarz. A single defective female from the U.S. National Museum. ‘The apices of both wings are rubbed and broken, but the specimen is other- wise very fair, all the markings being discernible on one side or the other. It is the darkest species of the genus and has no contrasts in maculation. The immaculate secondaries will further serve to differen- tiate it from the other described forms. The middle tibia seems to have no obvious spinose armature, but has a central ring tuft of scales. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. CAMPOMETRA MIMA Harvey. The most common of the species, and as they run, very sharply defined. The transverse anterior line is geminate, both defining lines black, rather widely separated, the intervening space dusky so as to form an evenly outcurved dusky band. The transverse posterior line is also black, well marked, and squarely exserted beyond the reniform. A yellowish or reddish brown shade lightens the wing and dominates the impression gained by an ordinary examination of the species. The middle tibiz are unarmed and in the male have a very heavy scale tuft; but there are no hair pencils. Tene specimens are under examination: San Diego, Texas, April 26, May 25; Bastrop County, and other Texan localities; Florence, Tucson, Catalina Springs April 11, Oracle, July 21, and other locali- ties in Arizona. The tendency in the variation is to a more indistinct maculation. CAMPOMETRA FRATERNA, new species. Resembles mima in all essential characters and differs from that species in the powdery, uniform ashen gray primaries lacking the brownish shadings, and on which the maculation is only feebly writ- ten. The transverse anterior line shows no tendency to band and, while the other lines and shades of mina are all traceable, none are well marked. In the structure of the middle tibie of the male the species is like its ally. Type.—No. 4313, U.S.N.M. I have six specimens, five of them females, from Death Valley (April), Oracle (July 7), and Catalina Springs (May 5), Arizona. All are from the U.S. National Museum, collected by Messrs. Koebele or Hubbard and Schwarz. CAMPOMETRA MINOR, new species. Smaller than mima throughout, few of the specimens exceeding and some not reaching 26 mmn., or a trifle over 1 inch, the primaries even, powdery gray, none of the markings well written, though so far as traceable, similar to mima, It is a slighter, narrower winged form than fraterna, which equals mima in average size and has the primaries more squared. No male of this species has been available. Of the five females four are from the Hulst collection, probably taken near Tucson Arizona, and one is from Catalina Springs (April 11), taken by Mr. Schwarz. The latter has a white shading over the reniform, extending beyond the transverse posterior line almost to the subter- minal line, the edges of this shade being indefined. The smoky margin of the secondaries is narrower than in the allied forms and there is less tendency to a banding. Type.—No. 4314, U.S.N.M. No. 1184. NEW NOCTURNAL MOTHS—SMITH. 105 Altogether the species are left in a somewhat unsatisfactory condi- tion. Amella, bilineata, and cinctipalpis are probably congeneric and, except for a doubt about the armature of cinctipalpis, are strictly referable to Campometra. Mima, fraterna, and minor are close allies, yet I think, distinct, and they differ from Campometra in the totally unarmed middle tibia, which in the male is very heavily clothed with long scales forming a real tufting. I prefer leaving them with Campometra temporarily, until all the allied genera can be carefully studied, but suggest the term Heter- anassa in case generic separation seems desirable. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENID® OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE ANTILLES. By WiLu1AmM H. DALL, Curator, Division of Mollusks. In revising the group for the purpose of monographing the fossil species So many changes in nomenclature and distribution were found to be involved that it was thought the following summary would prove useful to students of the recent forms: EAST AMERICAN SPECIES. Genus S@LEIN (Linmcus, 1758) Scopolk 1777: (Vagina Megerle, 1811; + Hypogwa and Hypogeoderma Poli, 1791-1795; + Listera, Leach manuscript, Gray, 1852.) Type, Solen marginatus Pulteney. 1. Solen viridis Say, 1822; Rhode Island (Totten) to Georgia (Postell). Section SOLENA Morch, 1852. (Solena sp. Browne, nonbinomial, 1756; + Hypogella Gray, 1854.) Type, 8S. obliqua Spengler = 8S. ambiguus Lamarck. 2. Solen (Solena) obliqua Spengler, 1793; Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Thomas. S. rudis Sowerby, 1874, not C. B. Adams, 1852; + philippinarwm Sowerby, 1874, not Hanley, 1845, are synonymous. Genus ENSIS Schumacher, 1817. (Ensatella Swainson, 1840, -- Solen Leach, 1852.) Type, Ensismagnus Schumacher. 1. Ensis directus Conrad, 1843; Labrador to Indian Key, Florida. Pliocene to recent. i. ** americana Beck” of H. and A. Adams, 1856, is probably a manu- script name. Solen stliqua Chickering, 1855, not Linnzeus, 1758, is a synonym. This species was generally confounded with Solen magnus of Schumacher, under the name of Solen ensis Linneeus, by the earlier American authors. PROCEEDINGS U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1185. 107 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 2. Ensis minor Dall; Cape May to Florida and Texas. This is Solon ensis var. minor of some of the earlier writers, and bears to E. directus the same relation that Mnsis ensis Linneeus of Kurope does to the north European H. magnus Schumacher. It differs from the young of H. directus in having the valves wider behind than in front and relatively narrower as a whole. Genus SILIQUA Megerle, 1811. (Leguminaria Schumacher, 1817; + solecurtus A Blainville, 1825; + Aulus Oken, 1835, not Oken 1815; + Solecurtoides Desmoulins, 1832; + Solenocurtus Sowerby, 1839; + Machewra Gould, 1841.) Type, Solen radiatus Linnzeus. 1. Siliqua squama Blainville, 1824; Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Gulf of St. Lawrence. This is Machera nitida Gould, 1841, and Cultellus medius Sowerby nee Gray), Conch. Icon., 1874. 2. Siliqua costata Sm, 1822; Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in suitable localities. The following are synonymous names: Solecurtoides nahantensis Des- moulins, 1832; S. sayi Gray, 1833; S. radiatus Ravenel (not Linnzeus), 1834; Oultellus grayanus Sowerby (not Dunker?), 1874; Cultellus sub- sulcatus Sowerby, 1874; Cuitellus belchert (as of Gray, manuscript) Sowerby, 1874; not C. costatus Middendorf, 1847, nor Sowerby, 1874. Genus PSAMMOSOLEN Risso, 1826. (= Psammobia Risso, 1826, err. typ.; + Solecurtus B, Blainville, 1825; +- Macha Oken, 1835; + Adasius Leach, 1852; not Macha Philippi, 1853, nor Psam- mosolen Hupé, 1854.) Type, Solen strigilatus Linnzeus. 1. Psammosolen sancte-marthe (Chemnitz) Orbigny, 1853; North Carolina, Bermuda, the Antilles, and south to Rio Janeiro (Dunlap). 2. Psammosolen cumingianus Dunker, 1861; North Carolina, to Texas and Sao Paulo, Brazil. WEST AMERICAN SPECIES. Genus SOLEN (Linneeus) Seopoli. 1. Solen sicarius Gould, 1850; Vancouver Island to San Pedro, Cali- fornia; Japan, A. Adams (?). 2. Solen rosaceus Carpenter, 1853; Santa Barbara, California, south to the Gulf of California; La Paz. 3. Solen mexicanus Dall; west coast of Tehuantepec, Mexico. 4, Solen (Solena) rudis C. B. Adams, 1852; Panama. Confounded with S. obliquus Spengler of the Antilles by Clee and Sowerby. Genus ENSIS Schumacher. 1. Ensis californicus Dall; Monterey, California, south to the Gulf of California; La Paz. No. 1185. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDA—DALL. 109 Genus SILIQUA Megerle. 1. Siliqua lucida Conrad, 1838; Monterey to San Diego, California. Confounded with the young of S. nuttallii by Carpenter, 1863, and Gabb, 1868; also, according to Conrad, with S. radiata Linneus. 2, Siliqua media Gray, 1839; Okhotsk and Bering seas and north- ward to the Arctic Ocean at Cape Lisburne. Machera costata Middendorf, 1851, not Say, 1822; + S. borealis Con- rad, 1867, not Cultellus mediws Sowerby, Conch. Icon., 1874, = S. squama Blainville. 3. Siliqua patula Dixon, 1788,-Okhotsk Sea; the southern border of Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska to Sitka. Described from Cooks Inlet, Alaska. The following names are synonyms: Solen maximus Wood, 1815, not Gmelin, 1792; S. gigas Dillwyn, 1817; S. grandis (Hinds Manuscript as of Gmelin) Dunker, 1861, and Carpenter, 1863; S. splendens Chenu, 1845 and 1862. Large; with submedian beaks and straight rib. The following are discrimina- ble varieties, but apparently connected by gradations with the typical S. patula. 4, Siliqua (patula var.) alta Broderip and Sowerby, 1829; Bering Sea and Strait. This is figured under the name of Culiellus costatus by Sowerby, Conch. Icon., 1874, but is not the costatus of Say. It is short and broad with very anterior beaks and straight rib. 5, Stiliqua (patula var.) nuttallic Conrad, 1838, Lituya Bay, Alaska, south to Oregon, and California as far as Monterey. S. americana Chenu, 1845, may be the same, but I do not know it; S. californica Conrad, 1868, and 8S. nuttalt Sowerby, 1874, are synony- mous. The shell is very straight, brilliantly polished, narrower than the typical S. patula and with a much more oblique rib. The beaks are less anterior than in S. alta. NOTES. Solen tenuis Broderip and Sowerby, 1829, is unidentifiable, from the absence of a figure and the excessive brevity of the description. It is not the S. tenuis Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier, 1833. It was collected by Belcher, whose shells came mostly from northwest America. Solen “ lineatus Spengler,” appears in Moérch’s Catalogue of Poulsen’s West India shells. It is probably intended for S. linearis Spengler (in Chemnitz) and may have been based on a misidentified specimen of Ensis nvinor. Solen niveus Hanley is listed by Guppy in his Paria fauna, 1877, and was perhaps based on a young specimen of WS. obliquus Spengler, or the following species: Solen lappeanus Dunker, Moll. Marina, 1858, is said to be from the Antilles, but has not been reported from that region by anyone else. Externally it is not unlike 8. viridis Say. IK) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VOL. XXII. Aulus (= Siliqua) rostratus Dunker, 1861, figured by Sowerby, Conch. Icon., 1874, is said to be from the Arctic Ocean, but this is certainly erroneous. Solen radiatus Linnzus, appears in Pfeiffer’s list of Cuban sheils,! but the shell intended was very likely Tagelus divisus Spengler. No species of Siliqua is known from Cuba. Krebs cites Machera lucida “Gould,” from Morch’s Yoldi catalogue, as Central American; but this is doubtless M. lucida of Conrad, from the Pacific coast of Central America. There is no large species of Hnsis on the west coast of America corre- sponding to the H#. magnus and EH. directus of the northern Atlantic, though the H. californicus is the exact analogue of the European L. ensis and the east American H. minor. Among the Siliquas on the two sides of the continent 8S. alta and S. squama, S. media and S. costata, are respectively analogous, while S. lucida finds its counterpart in the S. pulchra of Japan. SOLEN MEXICANUS, new species. Shell small, straight, parallel-sided, with anterior beaks, the anterior end obliquely truncate; the posterior end squarely truncate with the corners slightly rounded off; hinge with the teeth normal, the ligament unusually long in a very narrow groove; shell white, covered with a polished olivaceous epidermis, longitudinally striate near the ventral edges of the valves. Length of shell, 60 mm.; of ligament, 11 mm.; width of valves, 8.5 mm.; diameter, 5.5 mm. Type.—No. 120634, U.S.N.M. Specimen from the Gulf of Tehuan- tepec. This species recalls the Solen linearis of Chemnitz, which, however, is considerably longer in proportion to its width. ENSIS CALIFORNICUS, new species. Shell small, slender, arcuate, the sides nearly parallel, the valves being Slightly attenuated toward the ends, beaks anterior, the anterior trun- cation bluntly rounded, the posterior similar; color white with livid pink streaks concentrically disposed; epidermis olivaceous brilliantly polished; hinge with small and very delicate cardinals (usually broken off), one in the right and two in the left valve, the dorsal ridge compara- tively strong and elevated, shorter than the ligainent. Length of shell, 60 mm.; of dorsal tooth or ridge, 5.2 mm.; of ligament, 9 mm.; width of shell, 7 mm.; perpendicular to the chord of the are formed by the dorsal.margin of the valves, 2 mm. Type.—No. 158891, U.S.N.M. Specimen from 14 fathoms sand, off the island of San Pedro Martir, Gulf of California. Some specimens reach a length of 85 mm. This species recalls small specimens of the east American E. minor, which, however, differs by being wider distally than in front, larger when adult, with proportionately wider and more arcuate valves. 1 Archir fiir Naturgeschichte, 1840, p. 261. NO. 1185. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDA—DALL. 111 In this connection I may add some supplementary data to my “Synopsis of the Psammobiidz,”! which have come to hand since that - article was printed. Tagelus gibbus Spengler, as typically restricted, passes as far south as St. Thomas, West Indies, and probably to the northeast shores of Brazil. The variety called T. platensis by @Orbigny differs by being shorter and more attenuated behind, and I have seen it only from the southern coast of Brazil and Uruguay. Im all the typical species of Tagelus the posterior end is shorter than the anterior, the pallial sinus is deep, reaching to or forward of the perpendicular from the umbones, and the posterior adductor scar is rounded. The teeth are simple, erect, pedunculated, two in each valve. There is no central constric- tion or internal rib. Curiously enough, the shell figured by H. and A. Adams to illustrate Tagelus (or Siliquaria) gibbus is a Novaculina, while they describe the teeth as 3:2 (which is the dentition of Novacu- lina) and the sinus as deep beyond the umbones, which belongs to Tagelus and is untrue of Novaculina. Owing to the fact that a number of externally similar but really dif: ferent shells have been confused, the diagnoses of these groups are frequently inaccurate, and I have therefore reviewed the question in the light afforded by the specimens. The following are the characters: Genus NOVACULINA Benson, 1880. Type.—N. gangetica Benson. Beaks subanterior; teeth (when fully developed) three in the left and two in the right valve; the anterior left tooth often obsolete or wanting, the anterior right tooth bifid; there is no median constriction, the pal- lial sinus is small, not reaching the beaks, the posterior adductor scar rounded; the scar of the ventral side of the sinus not coalescent with the pallial line below it; situs in fresh water. Section CLUNACULUM Dall. Type.—Solecurtus mollis (Gould) Sowerby, Conch. Icon. Solecurtus, 1874, pl. VI, fig. 26; coast of Brazil and Uruguay. Valves obliquely constricted, the constriction reflected by an internal thickened elevation (not a clavicle); beaks subanterior; teeth, two in the left and two in the right valve, the posterior left tooth bifid, in some of the species there is an obsolete tooth behind it; the pallial sinus not reaching the beaks, the posterior adductor scar triangular, the scar of the sinus coalescent ventrally with the pallial line; situs marine. Genus TAGELUS Gray, 1847. Type.—Solen gibbus Spengler. Valves not constricted and without a clavicle; beaks medium or sub- posterior; teeth simple, pedunculate, two in each valve; pallial sinus ' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1898, pp. 57-62. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL deep, reaching to or beyond the beaks, posterior adductor scar rounded, the scar of the sinus coalescent ventrally with the pallial line; situs estuarine or marine. Section MESOPLEURA Conrad, 1867. Type.—NSolen divisus Spengler. Valves arcuate, not constricted, but with a more or less perfectly developed clavicular rib extending ventrally from the submedian beaks, otherwise as in Tagelus. Gray in 1854 included species of Clunaculum under Novaculina as well as some species of true Tagelus like T. dombuji. I have not been able to examine all the described species, but Solen constrictus Lamarck, cer- tainly, and probably S. inequalis and S. complanatus Sowerby, belong to Clunaculum. TAGELUS POEYI, new species. Shell resembling a young 7. gibbus, but with more equal and evenly rounded ends, the beaks median, the teeth slender, long, but quite small, the nymphs for the ligament shorter and more central, the whole of the ventral side of the pallial sinus coalescent with the pallial line. Shell white, covered with a pale ashy gray, dehiscent epidermis; the anterior dorsal margin slightly decurrent. Length, 50 mm.; altitude, 18 mm.; diameter, 11.5 mm. Types.—No. 27425, U.S.N.M., from Cuba (Poey); also from mouth of Old River, Belize (Stanton); beach at Greytown, Nicaragua (Dall); and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ihering). This species can be instantly distinguished from 7. gibbus by the dif- ferent form of the pallial sinus and the different position of the beaks. It does not appear to attain more than half the size of the full grown T. gibbus. Specimens of 7. gibbus collected at Matagorda Bay, Texas, by Sing- ley, of a light but distinct yellow color, are in the national collection, and more recently Hon. J. D. Mitchell has sent specimens, of which he has several in his collection, of a decided pink color, from the same vicinity. Both form a decided contrast to the white or slightly ferru- ginous tint of the average specimens of this species. 4 THE OSTEOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE PERCOI- DEAN FISH, DINOLESTES LEWINI. By EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS, Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Curator of the Musewm, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. As a preliminary to this paper I will quote a paragraph from a paper by Dr. Theodore Gill, ““On the identity of Hsox lewint with the Dino- lestes miillert of Klunzinger,” published about twenty-five years ago in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. In it he gives the following concise history of Dinolestes: In the tenth volume (‘‘the class Pisces”) of the ‘‘Animal Kingdom” of Cuvier, edited by Edward Griffith (1834), are a figure (plate 60) and a brief notice (p. 465) of a fish which has long been a puzzle to me. It is called Hsox lewini and only noticed as follows: ‘‘Our figure of Esox lewini is from a drawing by Mr. Lewin, made in New Holland, of a species not hitherto noticed.” It was evident that the species thus named belonged neither to the genus Hsox nor anywhere near it; and (1) the relations of the fins, (2) the position of the ventrals with a spine and five rays each, (3) the form of the head, and (4) the teeth indicated for it affinity to Chilodipterus and allied forms; but no first dorsal fin was represented. The question then arose whether that fin had been atrophied (as in Aspidophoroides, Gobiopus, etc.) or (as was more likely) had been overlooked. After nearly forty years the species has been recovered, and singularly enough, after having escaped the observation of the num- erous collectors in the Australian seas for so long a time,' has in the same year been obtained and described by three different naturalists under as many names, viz, Dino- lestes miilleri by Klunzinger, Neosphyrena multiradiata by Castelnau, and Lanioperca mordax by Giinther. There can be no question about at least the generic identity of the Hsox lewini with the fishes described by the three contemporaries; and it now appears that the first dorsal fin exists, but is quite small, and sustained by only four or five spines. Klunzinger and Castelnau refer the type to the family Sphyrenide, and Giinther (with more justification I think) to the ‘‘Apogonina,” i. e., Chilodip- teride. This work was undertaken at Dr. Gill’s suggestion in the hope of finding, in a comparative study of the skeleton of Dinolestes with those of the Sphyrenide and the Cheilodipteride, some characters that 'It is said, however, by Castelnau to be common [at Melbourne] in the months of May, June, and July; itattains 2 feet in length. The fishermen call it ‘‘ Ship Jack,” but that name is more particularly applied to Temnodon saltator. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1186. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 8 118 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. would decide the question on which the authorities disagreed, as shown in the last sentence quoted from the above paper. It would appear an easy matter to place this form under one or the other of two families arranged in different suborders, as the Sphyrzn- ide and Cheilodipteridz usually are: but the fact that two of the authorities consider it under one family and two under the other, indi- cates how close the resemblance must be to either. Sphyrena argentea is the form chosen to represent the family Sphy- renidz, while the only representative procurable of the Cheilodipter- idz was Apogon maculatus. The skeleton of Apogon was found to be of but little pasieienoe’ in this comparison. Though being undoubtedly Percoid, it differs as much from Dinolestes as they both differ from the more generalized Percoids, such as the bass or perch. Considering the difference between Dino- lestes and Apogon in external appearance, we have probably little reason to expect the internal resemblance to be otherwise. Perhaps if one of the Sphyrena-like Cheilodipteroids could be examined there would be a closer resemblance. To be sure Dinolestes differs from Apogon only in shape and compar- ative size of elements (that is, comparative between corresponding elements of each species), and not in arrangement, or lack or posses- sion of elements; but it is so very different in shape of cranium, form of body, and shape of fins that it would seem better to consider the Cheilodipteroid side of the question partly by considering the Percoid fishes more or less as a whole. Though, of course, if it is placed with the Percoids it is only under the family Cheilodipteridz, as the Per- coids are now arranged, that Dinolestes could be admitted. Were it not that the ventrals of Dinolestes are apparently thoracie, it might appear after a superficial external examination to be related to Sphyrena. The long head, projecting lower jaw, fanglike teeth, and elongate preorbital region are very Sphyrena-like. The shape of the body and dorsal fins are also suggestive of that relationship. In internal characters we find that the ethmoid is wide and flat, some- what overlying the vomer and prefrontals instead of being interposed between them. This is the condition found in Sphyrena. The nasals are very much like those of Sphyrena, being long-and channeled and attached by their sides to the ethmoid for nearly their whole length. This, however, is probably caused by the elongate snout, and goes with it as a part in keeping with the surrounding conditions. It disposes of the characters by which an alliance with Sphyrena could be proved. Though the shape of the body and head, the canine teeth, and dorsal fins exhibit perhaps a closer superficial resemblance to the Sphyranidz than to the Cheilodipteridz, there are forms to be found in the latter family which approach this Sphyrena-like appearance also. These characters therefore denote nothing in favor of either relationship. The characters of the ethmoid and nasals are the only characters pos- sessed by Sphyrena in common with Dinolestes that are not also slfared NO. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. 115 in by members of the family Cheilodipteride. They are of no great importance. _ his, as has been said, is without considering the position of the ventrals. As the Percoid fishes have thoracic ventrals, and the mem- bers of the suborder Percesoces, under which the Sphyrenid is placed, have abdominal ventrals, it is difficult to see how Dinolestes could have been thought to be related to Sphyrena unless the ventrals were interpreted as being abnormally anterior abdominal ventrals. The ventrals, however, prove to be typical thoracic ventrals with the anterior point of the pelvic girdle interposed and attached between the opposing clavicles near their lower end above their symphysis. Anterior abdominal ventrals might have the point of the pelvic girdle touching the clavicles or even extending slightly under them, but never interposed between them. Another character that refutes the Sphyrzenoid relationship of Dino- lestes is the lack of the long processes developed backward from the epiotics and supraoccipital crest, which are possessed in a greater or less degree by all the Percesoces and reaches its greater development in Sphyrena. A more important difference is the structure of the teeth. Though both Dinolestes and Sphyrena have large backward-directed canines, they are entirely different in the way in which they are attached to the bone of the jaw. The calcified tooth substance of the teeth of Dinolestes reaches only to the bone, where it is anchylosed or so incor- porated with the bone as to make it difficult to distinguish the line of junction. This attachment is effected by what Tomes calls “bone of attachment.” A substance resembling cement, but unlike true cement, is developed from the periosteum rather than from the dental capsule. Such teeth may be developed from sockets, but as the calcified tooth substance 1s pushed out the cavity behind fills with the bone of attach- ment and becomes obliterated. The dentine never extends into a cavity of the bone in the mature tooth. This is a Percoid character. The teeth of Sphyrena, on the other hand, are set in sockets. The attachment of teeth in alveoli is of such rare occurrence among fishes and must be so deep seated that we can hardly interpret it as less than a family character. Mr. W. G. Ridewood, in a paper,' has this to say in regard to this class of teeth: The tooth and bone are in organic continuity by means of a periosteal layer com- mon to the tooth and the jaw; and this layer may remain uncalecified so that the teeth can be pulled out of their sockets, as in some Caracinoid fishes; or ‘‘ bone of attachment” may, except in young teeth, anchylose the tooth to the wall of the socket, e. g., Sphyrena. But whether or not the tooth becomes cemented in, the enamel and dentine extend into a cavity and do not become incorporated with the bone. ‘Natural Science, VIII, June, 1896, p. 383. 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XU. There is also a difference in the shape of the teeth of Sphyrena and Dinolestes. Those of the former are lancelike—that is, compressed laterally and with cutting edges. Those of the latter are round in transverse section. The vertebre of Dinolestes are typical, or in general resembling the Percoids and most bony fishes in that they are of moderate length and not much constricted in the middle. They have parapophyses devel- oped behind the fourth vertebra, two pits on the side of each vertebra separated by a longitudinal ridge, and the abdominal vertebre with a pit on the ventral side with ridges on each side of it. The vertebre of Sphyrena are long and smooth with scarcely any pits, much constricted in the middle, making them hourglass shaped, and wel only one or two pairs of parapophyses. The shape of the cranium of Dinolestes is also more typically Percoid in appearance than Sphyrenoid with the slightly rising supraoccipital crest and more wedge-shaped lateral view. A recapitulation with these points condensed will show at once the affinity of Dinolestes to the Cheilodipteride. 1. The Percoid appearing cranium. 2. The thoracic ventrals. 3. The anchylosed teeth rather than teeth in sockets. 4, The character of the vertebrae, typical; not specialized as in ~ Sphyrena. 5. The lack of the long posterior processes from the epioties. These conclusions are fortified by the following description. DINOLESTES LEWINI. Esox lewinit GRIFFITH (2), Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, Griffith ed., X (1834), p. 465, pl. 60. Dinolestes miilleri KLUNZINGER, Archiy fiir Nat., 38. Jahrg. 1 (1872), p. 30; Hobson Bay, South Australia. Neosphyrana multiradiata CASTELNAU, Proc. Zool. and Acclim. Soe. Victoria, I (1872), p. 96; Melbourne. Lanioperca mordax GUNTHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., X, (September, 1872), p. 183; Tasmania. Dinolestes lewint Grtu, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XIV (1874), p. 160. DIAGNOSIS. Body rather elongate; preorbital region produced; mouth large, the lower jaw projecting; canine teeth on lower jaw posteriorly and on premaxillaries at their symphysis; sharp, cardiform teeth in a single row on jaws, vomer and palatines; an inner row of villiform teeth on premaxillaries; three toothed superior pharyngeals; lower pharyngeals rather narrow, separate; gill rakers long and slender, about 4 + 13; opercles without spines or ridges; branchiostegals 7; Suesilaes wai supplemental bone; nasals elongate, attached by hele sides for nearly their whole length; parietals separated; ethmoid somewhat overlying prefrontals and vomer; posttemporal forked; postclavicle of two parts; NO. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. ilelay basisphenoid with a descending process; myodome present with a | small pore to the exterior posteriorly; no suborbital shelf; vertebrie 27; parapophyses present on ail abdominal vertebre except first 3; seales cycloid; maxillaries, cheeks, opercles, and lower jaw with scales; lateral line straight, running well out on base of caudal, scales along its course systematically crowded; base of anal, soft dorsal, and caudal with small scales; anal with 2 spines and about 26 rays; dorsals remote, the first of about 5 slender spines, the second with 1 spine and about 18 rays; ventrals with 1 spine and 5 rays each; inters pinous bones not extending between vertebral spines. OSTEOLOGY. Cranium, as viewed from above, rather elongate and narrow. Inter- orbital region a flattish area with the sides nearly parallel the greater part of its length, occupying at least a third of length of cranium. Preorbital region elongate, not tapering till near end, occupying another third of length of cranium. Region surrounding foramen magnum slightly produced. Lateral view of cranium tapering rather regularly to vomer. Supraoccipital interposed between exoccipitals nearly to their poste- rior ends; its crest developed superiorly and posteriorly, scarcely extending past exoccipitals posteriorly. Exoccipitals broadly meeting above basioccipital, entirely surround- ing foramen magnum. Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital, not extending over epiotics. : Epiotices with scarcely any process. Prootics, opisthotics, sphenotics, and pterotics typical; that is, Percoid-like. . Alisphenoids widely separated. The anterior opening into brain case large. Basisphenoid present; a foramen between it and basis cranii. <A slender process descending from it and attached to parasphenoid. Myodome present; opening to the exterior at its posterior end through an extremely small foramen. Parasphenoid spreading out wide posteriorly. Vomer bearing sharp short teeth in a single row around its anterior edges. Teeth becoming smaller anteriorly. Prefrontals large and rather elongate, the olfactory foramen scarcely behind middle. Ethmoid entirely superior to prefrontals and vomer, widely overly- ing them and extending to edge of rostrum. A raised area along its middle. Nasals thin elongate rods of bone attached by their sides to ethmoid for nearly their whole length; their length over a fourth that of cranium. Preorbital longer than wide; its outline triangular. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Suborbital ring of the usual number of five bones with a sensory canal through them. No suborbital shelf.’ Opercle without ridges or spines on outer surface. On inner sur- face a sharp horizontal ridge runs posteriorly from its condyle with hyomandibular. Subopercle extending around lower corner of opercle, upward and backward, forming lower part of posterior opercular angle. Interopercle very broadly attached to subopercle at its upper posterior side. Preopercle with ridge and sensory canal as usual. Lower limb of hyomandibular rather long and rod-like. | Palato-pterygoid process very long and stout. A single row of small teeth along lower edge extending anteriorly upon a process beyond main part of palatine somewhat similar to the usual process from upper edge of that bone. Suspensorium otherwise typical. Lower jaw heavy and long. The articular half as wide as long. Teeth in a single row upon dentary, three or four canines present posteriorly. Angular present, rather small. Maxillary with long supplemental bone along posterior edge. Premaxillary rather slender, much widened at middle into a wide process which extends behind maxillary; its lower end very slender. A single row of elongate pointed or small canine teeth along its edge, largest medially, growing gradually smaller toward each end. Inside of this row a villiform band, widest medially. At upper end of each maxillary are two large canines anchylosed immovably, the posterior pair much hooked back. ; Clavicle and hypercoracoid typical, or as in the Percoids. Hypocoracoid as usual broadly joined at upper end to clavicle and hypercoracoid, thence arching away and touching lower end of clavicle again with a rather slender process. Besides this, from its middle, run- ning through the usual interspace between it and clavicle, is another process flat and thin, but strengthened through its middle, reaching to and joined to clavicle. Actinosts four, rather short. Pectoral not nearer upper end of clavicle than is usual in the Percoids, its upper ray working directly upon hypercoracoid. Posteclavicle in two parts, the inferior very long. Supraclavicle of moderate length. Post-temporal widely forked; its articulation with skull typical. Inferior hypohyal scarcely visible on outer surface of hyoid arch, being covered by superior hypohyal, which forms the greater part of front of arch. Hypohyals of about equal size on inner surface of arch. Ceratohyals, Somes and pores Lypica! 1 Suborbital aieie: a ean shelf of bons ecioniline inward from the SHiyaniel ring and conforming to the rotundity of the eyeball. Possessed by many of the higher bony fishes. No. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. 119 Branchiostegals seven, four being borne by ceratohyal and three by epihyal; the three anterior ones attached to inner surface of hyoid arch. Glossohyal wide, flat, or slightly concave above. - Urohyal elongate, thin, without double heel below, except at extreme anterior end. Basibranchials three—the first not supporting any arch, the second supporting the first arch, and to the third the second and third arches are joined. No ossified basibranchial to fourth arch. Epibranchials of third arch meet behind last basibranchial; epi- ‘branchials of fourth arch absent. Suspensory pharyngeals present on first arch. Superior pharyngeals three in number, that is, on second, third, and fourth arches; the second largest, and with the third forming an elon- gate patch. First two interspinal rays of dorsal and of anal not coalesced. None of the interspinals interposed between neural or hemal spines. The interval between first and second dorsals occupied by two free auxiliary interneural spines. First interhemal spine not enlarged or in any way differentiated from its fellows. Interhemals equally graduated from behind forward. Ventral fins truly thoracic. The pelvic girdle long and tapering toa slender point, which is interposed between the clavicles above their union. The vertebral column composed of 10 abdominal and 16 caudal, which, with the usual hypural, number 27 vertebre. Superior zygapophyses both posteriorly and anteriorly present, but small, as is usual in the Percoid fishes. Inferior zygapophyses well developed posteriorly near middle of col- umn; anteriorly scarcely discernible. Parapophyses developed on fourth and succeeding abdominal verte- bre, growing larger posteriorly; the last pair connected near their bases by a bridge of bone. Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines from two preced- ing vertebre. Ribs and epipleurals typical. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. [Drawn by Chloe Lesley Starks.] Plates VIII, IX, and X, superior, lateral, and posterior views of the cranium of Dinolestes lewini, skeleton No. 47877, U.S.N.M., from Port Jackson, Australia. Plate XI, Dinolestes lewini, No. 47929, U.S.N.M., from Tasmania. SIGNIFICANCE OF REFERENCE LETTERS USED ON PLATES. als. Alisphenoid. p. Parietal. bas. Basisphenoid. pas. Parasphenoid. bo. Basioccipital. pf. Prefrontal. e. Ethmoid. pro. Prootic. — eo. Exoccipital. pto. Pterotic. epo. Epiotic. so. Supraoccipital. fr. Frontal. spo. Sphenotic. opo. Opisthotic. v. Vomer. PROCEEDINGS, VOL XXII PL. VII! U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM SUPERIOR VIEW OF CRANIUM OF DINOLESTES LEWINI. 120. ayers sa PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. IX U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM is L FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. X POSTERIOR VIEW OF CRANIUM OF DINOLESTES LEWINI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120. MAR fey Shey 16 ay U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. X} ee rel a DINOLESTES LEWINI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120. ie DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAYFISH. By W. -. Hay, M. S., Central High School, Washington, D. C. In working over the large collection of the Astacidze in the posses- sion of the U. S. National Museum the following new species have come to my notice: CAMBARUS PILOSUS. Type locality.—Beloit, Mitchell County, Kansas. Type.—No. 19761, U.S.N.M. Male, form I, not known. Male, form II, rostrum of medium width, long, deeply excavated, with sharp, raised, slightly converging margins; lateral teeth well developed, acute; acumen long, slender, acute, nearly straight. Post- orbital ridges grooved on their outer face; anterior spines small, acute. Carapace smooth and lightly punctate above, very finely granulateon thesides; anterior border not angulated and with a well-developed fringe of cilia extending along the lower side of the rostrum and around beyond the minute branchi- ostegian spine; cervical groove deep, sinuate, broken on the sides above the small lateral Spine; areola narrow. Abdo- men longer than the cephalo- thorax, telson rounded behind, anterior segment with two spines on each side of the posterior border. Second and third basal segments of the antenne with well-developed, acute, external spines. Antennal scale a little longer than the rostrum, outer margin slightly concave, apical spine acute and rather long; tip concave, inner margin rounded. Epistoma subtriangular, the margins convex. Third maxillipeds hairy on their inner and outer faces. Cheli- peds short; chele of moderate width, punctate above, nearly smooth Fic. 1.—Nos. 1, 2, CARAPACE; NO. 3, ANTENNAL SCALE; No. 4, FIRST ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MALE, FORM II. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1187. 121 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. and sparsely ciliate below; upper surface near the inner margin and both fingers thickly ciliate; inner border of hand short, serrate, the serrations hidden by the cilia; outer margin of hand ribbed; movable finger serrate and ciliate on outer margin; both fingers ribbed on upper surface and bearded at base on inner margins, the beard being most dense on the outer finger. Carpus triangular, lightly grooved above, ciliate along the distal margin; a small spine at the superior internal angle and behind it a few very minute denticles, inner surface heavily bearded along the distal margin; median spine large and curved strongly forward; distal border beneath ciliate, and with three well-developed, acute spines. Distal margin of meros bearded above and within, two small spines above at the distal end; beneath, of the usual two rows of spines, the outer row is represented by two or three strong spines, the inner by a row of small teeth; between the rows there is, in some speci- mens, a ciliated patch. Third pair of legs hooked. First pair of abdominal appendages of medium, length, reaching forward to the middle of the basal segments of the second pair of legs, very slender . and bifid for only a short distance from the tip; inner branch con- siderably shorter than the outer, the tip acute and turned slightly backward and outward across the outer branch, the tip of which is com- pressed and recurved. Female.—Not known. Seven specimens, the largest nearly 2 inches in length. In some respects this species resembles quite closely Cambarus nais Faxon, from the same region. I have not been able to compare Dr. Faxon’s types with the species. here described, but as his description makes no mention of the heavily ciliate chelipeds, a character which could not have escaped his observation, and fails to agree in other respects, I feel no hesitation in considering the specimens from Beloit representatives of a new species. CAMBARUS CLYPEATUS. Type locality.—Bay St. Louis, Mississippi; U. S. Biological Survey, collector, 1892. Type.—No. 22778, U.S.N.M. Male, form I, not known. Male, form II, not known. Female.—Rostrum long, very broad, flat, hardly at all excavated, sides slightly raised, sharp, diverging slightly from the base to about the middle, then converging to near the tip where they abruptly turn in to the middle line; the tip of the rostrum is round, and the usual lateral teeth are not represented, even by angles. Postorbital ridges short, grooved on outer face, anterior spines wanting. Carapace smooth and polished above, lightly punctate on the sides, anterior margin hardly angulated; cervical groove sinuate, broken on the sides; lateral spine wanting; branchiostegian spine minute; areola wide. No. 1187. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAY FISH—HAY. 123 Abdomen longer than the cephalothorax; pleure punctate; telson rounded behind, anterior segment with four or more spines on each side of the posterior border. Antenne shorter than the cephalothorax; antennal scale shorter than the rostrum, broadest near the middle, tip convex, inner margin rounded. Epistoma broader than long, sides convex, anterior angle denticulate. Third mavxillipeds hairy on their inner faces. Chelipeds moderately strong; chele inflated, punctate above and below; inner margin of hand longer than the fingers; outer finger short, nearly straight, inner finger rather strongly in- curved at tip; both fin- gers strongly ribbed above and provided on their cutting edges with two or three large teeth Fic. 2.—Nos. 1, 2, CARAPACE; NO. 8, CHELA; NO. 4, ANNULUS and numerous serra- ee eee tions. Thoracic ster- num hairy. Annulus ventralis prominent, subcircular, the wall bitu- bereulate and thin in front, broad and low behind. The fissure is very sharply bent to one side just within the anterior wall and is lost, but an accessory branch, separated by a thin wall from the first, bends back to the middle of the annulus and emerges at the posterior angle. The appendages of the first abdominal somite are not developed. A single specimen about 2 inches in length. As no specimen of the male of this species has yet been collected, it is impossible to say with certainty where this species belongs. In gen- eral appearance it is very unlike any other North American species yet discovered. In the rounded, toothless rostrum and the peculiarly shaped chele it resembles somewhat some of the South American Parastacine, but the resemblance stops there. The closest relatives will probably be found to be some of the species of the second group of Faxon, and of these Cambarus cubensis approaches it most closely in appearance. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE COMMANDER ISLANDS:! No. XIII.—A NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUSA, HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI. By K. KISHINOUYE, Imperial Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo. A large number of medusz, belonging to the very interesting family of Stauromedus, were collected by Mr. Leonhard Stejneger at Nikolski, Bering Island, one of the Commander Islands, during the summer of 1897. These medusze were preserved in formol and still remain in excellent condition. They belong toa single species of the genus Hali- clystus. So far as I am aware, there are only three known species of this genus, and all of them are from the Atlantic coast. The species, how- ‘The following ‘‘ Contributions to the Natural History of the Commander Islands” have been published in these Proceedings thus far: I. Leonhard Stejneger: Notes on the natural history, including descriptions of new cetaceans, XI, 1883, pp. 58-89. II. Leonhard Stejneger: Investigations relating to the date of the exter- mination of Steller’s Sea-Cow, VII, 1884, pp. 181-189.—III. W. H. Dall: Report on the mollusca of the Commander Islands, Bering Sea, collected by Leonhard Stejneger in 1882 and 1883, VII, 1884, pp. 340-349, pl. m. IV a. Asa Gray: Notes upon the plants collected on the Commander Islands (Bering and Copper islands) by Leonhard Stejneger, VII, 1885, pp. 527-529. IV s. Leonhard Stejneger: Additional notes on the plants of the Commander Islands, VH, 1885, pp. 529-538. V. Frederick W. True: Description of a new species of Mesoplodon, M. stejnegeri, obtained by Dr. Leon- hard Stejneger, in Bering Island, VIII, pp. 584, 585, pl. xxy. Wil Wi EE. Dall: Report on Bering Island mollusea collected by Mr. Nicolas Grebnitzki, IX, 1886, pp. 209-219. VII. Leonhard Stejneger: Revised and annotated catalogue of the birds inhabiting the Commander Islands, X, 1887, pp. 117-145, pls. vu-rx. VIII. George Vasey : Description of Alopecurus stejnegeri, a new species of grass from the Commander Islands, X, 1887, p. 153. IX. W. Lilljeborg: On the Entomostraca collected by Mr. Leonhard Stejneger on Bering Island, 1882-83, X, 1887, pp. 154-156. X A. Leon- hard Stejneger: Contributions to the history of Pallas’s Cormorant, XII, 1889, pp. 83-88. XB. F. A. Lucas: Description of some bones of Pallas’s Cormorant (Phala- crocorax perspicillatus), XII, 1889, pp. 88-94, pl. 11. XI. F. A. Lucas: The cranium of Pallas’s Cormorant, XVIII, 1895, pp. 717-719, pls. XXXIV, Xxxv.——XII. Tarleton H. Bean and Barton A. Bean: Fishes collected at Bering and Copper islands by Nik- olai A. Grebnitzki and Leonhard Stejneger, XIX, 1896, pp. 237-251. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1188. 125 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXII. ever, differs in many points from those already known, and it is so far the only representative of the genus Haliclystus found on the Pacific coast. HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI, new species. Type.—No. 18942, U.S.N.M. Habitat.——Bering Island, North Pacific Ocean. The medusa is funnel-shaped and has a rather short peduncle. The largest specimen of the collectionis 18 mm.in height (including the pedun- cle)and 18 mm.in diameter. The peduncle is 53mm.inheightand25mm. in breadth. I shall give a short description of such larger specimens. The preserved specimens are grayish or pale brown, semitransparent, with a dark brown or nearly black streak at the umbrella margin and Fig. 1.—HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI, NEW SPECIES. SIDE VIEW. *X 4. Drawn by K. Kishinouye. each perradial corner of the peduncle (figs. 1, 2). Besides these there are 16 radial streaks of the same color (fig. 1). Each two of these 16. streaks are paired along the adradii, and each two adradial pairs unite together in turn at the perradii at the junction of the umbrella (some- times called the calyx) and the peduncle. These dark streaks are found in the exumbrella. In the subumbrella, too, a dark streak is found at each perradial edge of the esophagus, and moreover there are pigment cells around the genital sacs. In all these cases the pigment is found in endoderm cells. zr The umbrella, or the so-called calyx, is funnel-shaped or conical, gradually increasing in breadth from the pedunele to the umbrella margin. The breadth of the umbrella is one and one-third to one and one-half times as long as its height. no.1188. 4 NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUS_E—KISHINOUYE. NG The peduncle is nearly quadrate in cross section. It is about half the length of the umbrella. It has four interradial longitudinal grooves which are formed by the attachment of the teniola (fig. 1). These teniola meet at the longitudinal axis and divide the internal space of the peduncle into four chambers. The demarcation between the umbrella and the pedunele is distinct. The exumbrella is smooth, without prominent ridges or groups of nematocysts. The gelatinous layer is equally thin everywhere and firm in consistence. In the subumbrella we find a few small groups of -nematocysts at the perradial sinuses of the umbrella margin only. The muscle plates are as in other species. The per- radial muscles are more weakly developed than the interradial. The four in- terradial infundibular deep- eningsnearly reach the junc- tion of the umbrella with the peduneles. The umbrella margin is cut into eight adradial arms, which are equal in size and equally distant from each other (fig. 2). The depth of the incisions is about half the length between a princi- pal tentacle and the pedun- Fig. oe a ee ne SPECIES. VIEW Alo. Woche acm bess. a FROM THE OVAL SIDE. X 34. bunch of tentacles, 70 to 100 in number. Tentacles are of equal thickness, but they differ in length. Their length decreases gradually as they approach the periphery of the bunch. : The eight principal tentacles are transformed into adhesive marginal bodies (figs. 1, 2). They are large, sessile, egg-shaped, and about one- half as long as the diameter of the peduncle. The cesophagus or manubrium (fig. 2) is short, quadrangular, as in other species of Haliclystus. Its wall has many longitudinal folds, and its free margin is reflected outward. The eight rows of well-developed gastral filaments extend from the+base of the cesophagus to the proximal end of the genital glands. Genital glands are eight in number, broad and leaf-shaped, tapering at both ends. They extend almost along the entire length of the. umbrella. As they are touching each other along the proximal half their length (fig. 2), the subumbrella is almost entirely occupied by them. Hach gland consists of 100 to 150 round saes. These sacs are not arranged in rows. Those nearest to the perradii are larger than the others. We find six to eight sacs abreast at the broadest part of Drawn by K. Kishinovye. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. each gland. Each gland is turned over at the perradial sides and forms a part of the mesentery (fig. 2). Small specimens (3 to 4 mm. in umbrella diameter) of the collection differ more or less from larger specimens in the proportion of the parts of the body, number of tentacles, and genital sacs, etc. Generally, smaller specimens have the narrower umbrella, longer peduncle, shorter arms shallower umbrella cavity, fewer and not much crowded genital Fic. 3.— HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI. AN IMMATURE FORM, 3 MM. IN HEIGHT, DRAWN FROM A PREPARATION IN TRANSMITTED LIGHT. Drawn by J. Urata. sacs, and a very little pigment in endoderm epithelium. Moreover, the genital sacs vary in size much more greatly than in larger specimens. The peduncle is not four-chambered. Such differences may be easily understood by comparing figs. 1 and 2 with fig. 5. Almost all the specimens of the collection were found to contain a number of Gammarus in the stomach. a 5 AOR OS SNARE no.1188. 4 NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUS#—KISHINOUYE. 129 Characteristics of different species of Haliclystus. N Umbrella Peduncle Hight arms.~ | Hight marginal) soo nal gland ame. mbrella. : g S. ae exual glands. Haliclystus oc- | Conical, sur- | Cylindrical, al- | Equally dis- | Large, egg-|In each gland toradiatus. face flat, 2 to most as long tant from shaped or 20 to 30 large 3 times as as the height each other. nearly club- sacs in two broad as its’ of umbrella; Each arm shaped, one- longitudinal height. no outward with 30 to 60 fourth as rows. longitudinal tentacles. long as the grooves. breadth of the peduncle. Haliclystus sal- | Pyramidal, oc- | Quadrangular | Equally dis- | Very large, as | In each gland pink. tangular, prismatic, tant from long as arms, 40 to 50 sacs much broad- considerably each other. obliquely in four longi- er than its larger than Each arm trumpet- tudinal rows. height. the height of with 60 to 70 shaped. umbrella. tentacles. Hatliclystusstej-| Conical, sur- | About half as | Equally dis- | Large, egg-| In each gland negert. face flat, a long as_ the tant from shaped, half 100 to 150 sacs, little broad- height of um- each other. as long as 6 to 8 sacs er than its brella, with Each arm the breadth abreast in the height. four longitu- with 70 to 100 of peduncle. broadest part. dinal grooves. tentacles. Halielystus au- | Pyramidal, oc- | Almost as long | Unitedinpairs.| Large, shaped | In each gland ricula. tangular, al- mostas broad as its height. as the height of umbrella, with four deep longitu- dinal grooves. Each arm with 100 to 120 tentacles. like coffee beans, as long as the breadth of the peduncle. 100 to 150 sacs in 6 to 8 ra- dial rows. Tokyo, May 22, 1899. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 9 f s wt é ~ DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF IDOTEA FROM , HAKODATE BAY, JAPAN. By HARRIET RICHARDSON. Two distinct species were included by Miers! with Idotea ochotensis Brandt. Ina former paper’? the author has endeavored to define the limits of Idotea ochotensis on the one side by preserving the specitic distinctions of Idotea rectilineata Lockington. It is the object of the present paper to further define the limits of Idotea ochotensis on the other side by showing the specific differences of another species, for- merly included. Two specimens from Hakodate Bay, Japan, in the collection in the U. S. National Museum, when compared with a large series of f. ochotensis from various localities, extending all the way from Kamchatka to Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands, confirms the impossibility of uniting them with I. ochotensis. The specimen which Miers saw in the British Museum collection from Yeddo Island, and which he figures, undoubtedly belongs to the same species as our two specimens from Hakodate Bay. In regard to it Miers says: It differs from Brandt’s figure of J. ochotensis only in its relatively longer and slenderer body and somewhat shorter antenne, which when retracted would not reach to the posterior margin of the fourth thoracic segment, but whose pedun- cular joints are longer than in Brandt’s figure. Further on he speaks of the tooth at the distal extremity of the terminal segment as being very prominent in the specimen from Japan. It is probable that Miers had specimens of all three species, the one spoken of obtained at Vancouver Island being J. rectilineata Lockington, the specimen from British Columbia being J. ochotensis Brandt, and the Japanese specimen the one herein described. In comparing the species, specimens have been selected which are of nearly the same size, in order to better compare the corresponding parts. ‘ Journal Linnzan Society of London, XVI, 1883, pp. 32-34, pl. 1, figs. 8-10. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1899, p. 845. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1189. 181 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. IDOTEA JAPONICA, new species. Body slender, elongated, five times longer than broad, with sides parallel. A dorsal median keel extends the entire length of the body. Color, brownish yellow. Head with the anterior margin deeply and roundly excavate and with the antero-lateral angles broadly rounded. Eyes situated on the ex- treme lateral mar- gin in the median transverse line. The first pair of antenne reach only Fie. 2.—IDOTEA OCHO- a little bey ond the eae Oar a ee Behe TENSIS. X 2. second joint of the peduncle of the sec- ond pair of antenne. The second pair of antennz are half as long as the body, and when retracted would extend to the middle of the fifth thoracic segment; first joint of the pe- duncle short and con cealed by the an- tero-lateral angles in a dorsal view; sec- ond and third joints nearly equal in length; fourth and fifth joints equal in length, and each equal to the second and third taken together; flagellum com: posed of 14 joints, and shorter than the pe- duncle. Segments of the tho- rax about equal in length. Firstsegment with a deep excavation and with anterolateral angles rounded. LEpi- mera narrow; those of the second, third, and a b fourth segments oc- a b Fic. 4.—a, OPERCULAR . Fic. 3.—-a, ANTENNA OF SECOND PAIR VALVE OF IDOTEA OCHO cup vane only the an OF IDOTEA JAPONICA; 6, ANTENNA TENSIS; 6, OPERCULAR terior half of the lat- OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA OCHO- VALVE OF IDOTEA JAP” eral margins; those of TENSIS. X 8. ONICA. xX 8. the fifth and sixth segments, the anterior two-thirds, and of the seventh segment, the entire margin. No. 1189. A NEW SPECIES OF IDOTEA—RICHARDSON. 133 The abdomen (including the terminal segment) is composed of three segments, with suture lines indicative of another partly coalesced seg- ment. The terminal segment. with sides slightly converging, has the ~ Usis a Fig. Be —da, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA JAPONICA; 0, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA OCHOTENSIS; ¢, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA RECTILINEATA. X 8. apex triangulate and produced much beyond the lateral angles, which are roundly obtuse. The legs are slender. Two specimens come from Hakodate Bay, Japan; fap 8 fathoms in gravel. Type.—No. 9348, U.S.N.M. This species differs from J. ochotensis Brandt in the following points: 1. The proportions of the body. J. ochotensis is stouter and shorter, the relative proportion of breadth and if length being 2:7, while in J. japonica the body is longer and narrower, the relative proportion being 2:10. 2. The proportionately greater length of the second pair of antenne.! In J. ochotensis the joints of both the peduncle and the flagellum are stouter and shorter and the antennze extend only to the posterior margin a b of the third thoracic segment or the Fic. 6.—a, LEG OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA x : i JAPONICA; 0, LEG OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA middle of the fourth thoracic segment, — ocuorensis, X10. while in I. japonica these joints are longer and more slender, and the antenne reach the middle of the fifth thoracic segment. 1 Although there is some variation in the length of the second pair of antenne of Idotea ochotensis, nevertheless these antennz are always shorter than those of Idotea japonica in specimens of the same size, and the peduncle of the antennz is also shorter. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU. 3. The form of the antero-lateral angles of the first thoracic segment. In I. ochotensis these angles are markedly truncate, while in the present species they are rounded. 4, The narrower epimera in J. japonica. 5. The shape of the terminal segment. In I. ochotensis the lateral margins of this segment are concave, the lateral angles prominent and rectangular, the median posterior tooth or apex not greatly produced, while in J. japonica the lateral margins are straight, the lateral angles less prominent and obtuse, and the median posterior tooth or apex greatly produced, being twice the length of that in I. ochotensis. 6. The more slender and shorter legs of I. japonica. 7. The differently shaped opercular valves. 8. The more slender joints in the first pair of antenne of I. japonica. LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED BY VERNON BAILEY IN HERON AND EAGLE LAKES, MINNESOTA, WITH NOTES. By RoBERT EH. C, STEARNS, PH. D., Honorary Associate in. Zoology. - The species listed below have been received at various times from the United States Department of Agriculture. They forma part of the collection of the United States National Museum, and were collected by Mr. Vernon Bailey, an assistant in the Division of Biological Exploration, in charge of Dr. C. Hart Merriam. Heron Lake is in southwestern Minnesota, in Jackson County, near the Iowa line. The material from this place was, to quote Mr. Bailey, “scraped up on the beach,” in 1887. Eagle Lake is in Sherburne County. This county is nearer the cen- ter of the State, being rather south and east of the center. The collec- tions from both places are small, so far as the number of species is considered, but not without interest, as certain forms, which are com- mented on at some length, indicate peculiar environmental conditions. These conditions can only be surmised from the material itself, in the place of personal investigation of the lakes and their waters as well as the immediate region in which they are situated. Thetestimony of the numerous examples.of Planorbis trivolvis from Heron Lake and Limnea emarginata from Eagle Lake points to considerable fluctuation in the volume of the water one season compared with another, and in the more northerly Kagle Lake to the influence of extreme cold, or alterna- tions of temperature conditions as related to volume of water in some Seasons or years, as well as possible alkalinity or some chemical fluctu- ation due to diminished volume of water at times, or, briefly, to fluctu- ations in the quantity and temperature of the waters and the chemical quality or proportions in the same. The Eagle Lake shells were collected in 1891. LIMN ZA PALUSTRIS Miller. Heron Lake; a few examples. LIMNZZEA CAPERATA Say. Heron Lake; infrequent. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1190. 136 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XXII. LIMN ZEA DESIDIOSA Say. Bagle Lake; two living examples (Cat. No. 123895, U.S.N.M.). LIMN ZEA EMARGINATA Say. ' Eagle Lake; abundant. Of the total number of shells from this lake, nine-tenths belong to this species and its varieties, numbering, perfect and imperfect being counted, probably four hundred examples. A. Normal form (Cat. No. 123887, U.S.N.M.); smooth; spire modera- tely elevated; rather solid and ventricose; columellar fold or twist, rather strong. B. Spire short (Cat. No. 123888, U.S.N.M.); rather thin and ventri- cose, ranging from young to adult. ©. Body whorl shouldered above (Cat. No. 123889, U.S.N.M); spire short to elevated; surface smooth to malleated ; alll D. Deeply pied? spire rather high (Cat. ne 123890, U.S.N.M.); surface smooth; some individuals marked by strong incremental lines; others inconspicuously lirate; young to adult. E. Malleated; obtusely irate (Cat. No. 123891, U.S.N.M); in some examples partially obtusely lirate; others showing sharply developed growth lines; spire moderate; shell rather solid; aperture effuse; numerous examples. F. Patulous; aperture more or less reflected (Cat. No. 123892, U.S.N.M); surface smooth or malleated; obtusely lirate in some instances; spire moderate; several examples. G. Distorted, bulging (Cat. No, 123893, U.S.N.M); shells globose or elongated; solid; smooth or malleated; suture deep; aperture in some examples effuse; numerous specimens. H. Immature (Cat. No. 123894, U.S.N.M.); this number and tube includes juvenile examples of many of the foregoing, and other varietal facies. PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS Say. Heron Lake; abundant (Cat. No. 104462, U.S.N.M.). A dwarfed and apparently arrested form of this widely distributed species was obtained in great numbers by Mr. Bailey. The largest individual measured, maximum, only 12.50 mm., while the average of numerous examples is not over 9 mm.,maximum. There are two varietal forms, which point to hybridization, suggesting campanulatus in one direction and bicari- natus in the other. Among 143 perfect individuals, 6 exhibit the abrupt varicose character of aperture so conspicuous in campanulatus, and there are many examples that lean toward bicarinatus, with a pretty sharp angle on the upper and an obtuse keel on the under side of the whorls. These are registered in the United States National Museum, as follows: P. trivolvis var. A (Cat. No. 104463, U.S.N.M.). P. trivolvis var. B (Cat. No. 104464, U.S.N.M.). No.1190. SHELLS OF HERON AND EAGLE LAKES—STEARNS. 137 PLANORBIS BICARINATUS Say. Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104465, U.S.N.M.); Hagle Lake (Cat. No. 123897, U.S.N.M.). The 4 specimens from the first-named place are distinetly characteristic; from the last numerous examples were obtained. PLANORBIS PARVUS Say. Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104461, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123899, U.S.N.M.). From each of the lakes, a few individuals were found in the general mass of material; apparently less common than the larger species. PLANORBIS CAMPANULATUS Say. Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123898, U.S.N.M.); two examples. PHYSA HETEROSTROPHA Say. Heron Lake; Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123896, U.S.N.M.). From the former several examples; from the latter two rather undersized speci- mens. PHYSA GYRINA Say. Heron Lake; a few specimens. BYTHINELLA OBTUSA Lea. Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104459, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123902, U.S.N.M.). Many examples from each of the lakes, but apparently less frequent than the following: AMNICOLA CINCINNATIENSIS Anthony. Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104458, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123901, U.S.N.M.). Abundant in Heron Lake, frequently of large size; also common in Kagle Lake. VALVATA TRICARINATA Say. Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104460, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123900, U.S.N.M.). Exceedingly common and of large size in Heron Lake; the median keel sometimes obsolete. Hight examples from Eagle Lake. SUCCINEA OVALIS Gould. Near Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104466, U.S.N.M.). A single example of this terrestial form was detected near the margin of the lake. SPHAZRIUM STRIATINUM Lamarck. Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104467, U.S.N.M.); not uncommon. SPF RIUM SOLIDULUM Prime. Heron Lake; many dead valves. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII PISIDIUM COMPRESSUM Prime. Heron Lake; a single dead valve. PISIDIUM VARIABILE Prime. BRagle Lake (Cat. No. 123903, U.S.N.M.); numerous odd valves. It is presumable that these lakes contain many species not mentioned above. It should be borne in mind that no attempt was made by Mr. Bailey to make an exhaustive collection of the molluscan life in these bodies of water; he simply collected such material as came readily to his hand without interfering with his special work. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS FROM CALIFORNIA, WITH FAUNAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. By RoBErRtT H. C. STEARNS, Ph. D., Honorary Associate in Zoology. Of the littoral fauna of that long line of coast extending from Point Bonita, on the north side of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, to Cape Flattery, the southerly point of the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuea, a stretch of nearly 700 nautical miles, but little is known. The general aspect of the coast throughout most of its extent is broken, jagged, and rocky, with bold abrupt bluffs, against which in ordinary weather the ocean dashes with greater or less violence, and therefore unfavorable to the field work of the naturalist. There are, however, many reaches of a more inviting character, where the rocky shore dips under the sea with so moderate a slope that the zone uncovered at extreme low tides is of considerable width, often seamed and cut up by narrow furrows and channels, with many shal- low pools, and frequently clothed with a heavy growth of bladder weed, altogether presenting a tempting challenge to the collector. Then there are sandy flats of considerable area, as at Tomales and Bodega, and gravelly beaches occur, of moderate extent, with occa- sional, sometimes numerous, detached rock masses and bowlders. While there are many so-called ports, embarcaderos, or landing places between the points above named, especially along the California coast, a large proportion, perhaps one-half or more of the coastwise settlements indicated on the map, consist of small communities inci- dental to the limited local business. At these places it is often the case there is no harbor, merely a simple roadstead or anchorage, avail- able only in good weather. For the purposes of the collector the immediate neighborhood of many of these places is of trifling impor- tance. The desirable portions of the coast are generally inaccessible by sea and require an outfit for land service, with camp equipage and the usual requisites, with ample appliances for shore work. The best time of the year is the spring, the months of March, April, and May, before the harsh westerly winds begin to sweep in from the sea—usually from the first to the middle of June. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1191. 139 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. Bolinas, Tomales, and Bodega bays, particularly the first and the adjacent Duxbury reef, being near San Francisco, have been visited by a few collectors, by Colonel Jewett and myself in 1866, and since by Raymond, Hemphill, and Wood, and again by the author, but nothing like thorough work has been done even at these places, the number of species of mollusks usually obtained being from 90 to 100. At Bodega, visited by Dr. Newcomb and myself in 1867, some 90 species were collected. Mr. Hemphill has collected at Fort Bragg and Hum- boldt Bay, at the latter place securing some interesting forms, including Paludinella newcombiana, a new species. On the coast of Mendocino County, nearly thirty years ago, Mr. Harford found near Big Spanish Flat a new Fusus (fF. harfordii). His collection was exceedingly meager, most of his time having been devoted to botany. A visit to Crescent City made by the author in 1862 was a failure so far as shell collecting was concerned, for the beaches and shores in every direction were so piled up with driftwood and the refuse of the great flood of the previous winter as to be absolutely inaccessible. Some little collecting — has been done at Coos and Shoalwater ' bays and at Grays Harbor, on the coast of Washington. It will be seen from the foregoing that the totality of research throughout this great stretch of coast is quite insignificant. The same may be said in great measure of the biological investigation of the uplands back from and bordering on the shore. — The occurrence of Olivella intorta in quantity somewhere along the coast in the neighborhood of Trinidad is implied by the large number of this rare species contained in a necklace” obtained from the Hoopa Indians by Lieutenant Ray. Another peculiar form has recently been added to the few that have been detected in the region herein reviewed. HALIOTIS FULGENS Philippi var. WALALLENSIS Stearns. On the coast of Mendocino County, California, in the extreme south- west corner, close tothe northerly boundary line of Sonomo County, is an embarcadero, or shipping point of the lumber interests of that neighbor- hood. Here is situated a small settlement known as Gualala.? The coast hereabout is broken and rocky, with bluffs 50 to 100 feet high. In the immediate vicinity of this village Mr. J. J. Rivers some years ago collected the form here described,* specimens of which are contained 1It may be well to recall what I have elsewhere mentioned, the planting of Mya arenaria in Shoalwater Bay by Captain Simpson, of San Francisco. This was some fifteen years ago. 2Cat. No. 77185, U.S.N.M., Ethnological department. 3Gualala, which is the official post-office name of the village, is a localized cor- ruption of the Indian Walalla, which latter, I think, should be perpetuated. 4A preliminary description of this variety was published in The Nautilus, No. 9, XII, January, 1899. No. 1191. A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS—STEARNS. 141 in the U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 98327) and in the museum of the University of California. The examples in the U.S. National Museum collection were presented to me by Mr. Rivers, and are a part of the original lot. The largest adult is of much smaller size than average full-grown examples of the ordinary form of H. fulgens. My examination of the entire series col- lected by Mr. Rivers suggested the European H. tuberculata of the Channel Islands. There is a Japanese species figured in Reeves’s Conchologia Iconica, H. planata Sowerby, which it Somewhat resembles. As my notes were unfortunately destroyed some years ago, Mr. Dall has kindly furnished the following from the U. 8S. National Museum examples: Shell of an oval form, considerably flattened, and with about two and a half whorls; color, dark brick red, with occasional mottlings of pale bluish green; holes, four in the young to six in the adult; sculpture of fine, somewhat irregular spiral threads, crossed by fine, close, slightly elevated, sharp concentric lamelle, and a few small obscure wavelets which radiate obliquely from the apex; nacre rather pale, with pink and pale-green reflections, but much less deep in color than the typical fulgens. This variety differs from the type in its more elongate and flattened form, its con- stantly finer, spiral threading, and its paler nacre. The concentric lamellation is sometimes undeveloped on the young shells. It has the same number of holes as the type. The above may be regarded as the extreme northerly expression of H. fulgens, which has not heretofore been credited to any part of the coast north of Point Concepcion. From that point to Gualalla is an immense jimpe about 320 nautical miles, Regarding the number of holes in certain species of Haliotis, I find the following in my notes: H. fulgens, from Lower California, fifty-six show a total of 326 complete and incomplete, an average of six and a fraction; one example had 8 and five 7 holes. Of H. rufescens twenty- four had 87 complete, fifteen showing 60, and nine 27 holes, an average of 33. H.cracherodii, thirty-seven examples gave a total of 236 com- plete holes, an average of about 65; one individual. had only 2, two had 4, while five had 9, approaching the insular form known.as Cali- forniensis Swainson. All of the foregoing were adult shells. The “Abalone fishery” on the west coast has been pursued unceas- ingly for about thirty-five years. My notebook shows that as long ago as the year 1866 no less than 1,697 sacks, each containing from a bushel to a bushel and a half, were exported to China. At that time, and for many years after, the ‘‘dried meats” only were of commercial value, there being but a very limited demand for tle shells. Later the shells came into general use for a great variety of purposes, so the fishery has been followed more energetically than ever, with the result that in many places the supply has been nearly exhausted. In certain localities where the principal species, Haliotis rufescens, H. cracherodii, and H. fulgens, were abundant they are now comparatively scarce. Recently 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. the attention of the authorities of some of the seaboard counties having been called to the matter, it is likely that before long the fishery will be either prohibited for a term of years or in some way regulated by law. From the little island of Anacapa in the Santa Barbara chan- nel two persons obtained over 2 tons of shells and meats, being their second catch within a few months. Fortunately there are numerous | places along the coast that are inaccessible, so there is but little danger _ of any of the species becoming absolutely extinct. ON THE LOWER SILURIAN (TRENTON) FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND. By CHARLES SCHUCHERT, Assistant Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology. INTRODUCTION. In the summer of 1897, a number of men took advantage of the Sev- enth Peary Arctic Expedition to cruise in Arctic seas and to hunt and fish in Baffin Land. The author had the pleasure of meeting these men while on board the steamer Hope, and learned that they intended to make a whale-boat trip to the head of Frobisher Bay. As many Lower Silurian fossils had been seen by Hall during his exploration of this bay, the author requested the Baftin Land party to search for fos- sils. On the subsequent return of the steamer Hope from North Green- land, it was a great surprise to find that Messrs. J. N. Carpender, R. W. Porter, A. V. Shaw, A. H. White, and F. G. Goodridge, had made splendid collections of fossils during their stay of but a few hours at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, which is at the head of Frobisher Bay. These fossils are well preserved, and here, as 1s so often the case in Paleozoic faunas, the brachiopod specimens predominate. However, unlike other Trenton faunas, the Arctic mollusca usually preserve the shell, and this is the more remarkable because all the fossils weather out of a bluish clay. The author’s interest in and admiration for these well-preserved fossil forms from a rarely visited region was so great that he could not resist asking the loan of the various collections for the purpose of making them known to paleontologists. Mr. J. N.Carpen- der, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, who had the most extensive col- lection, with great liberality allowed the author to make a selection from these fossils for the U.S. National Museum. From him, there- fore, this Museum has received 54 species represented by 113 speci- mens. The next largest lots were gathered by Messrs. A. H. White and A. V. Shaw, and purchased for the Museum. Mr. F. G. Goodridge presented one of the finest trilobites found. Mr. R. W. Porter also made a good collection, which he deposited in the American Museum ——— PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1192. 143 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. of Natural History, and these specimens were kindly placed at the author’s disposal for study, by Prof. R. P. Whitfield. To these gentle- men, therefore, paleontology is indebted for rendering it possible to describe one of the best collections of fossils made in Arctic regions. With the aid of a camera lucida, Mr. E. O. Ulrich, of Newport, Kentucky, made the figures, which are accurate representations of the species. The author is further indebted to him for paleontological assistance, and his various notes are incorporated in this paper in their proper places. DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITIES. Frobisher Bay.—Previous to 1897, all that was known of the geology of Frobisher Bay was included in a few incidental notes by Charles Francis Hall.' His collections were partly studied by Mr. R. P. Stevens? and Prof. B. K. Emerson.’ During the months of August and September, 1861, Hall, in com- pany with Innuit men, women, and children, explored, by means of whale boats, the greater part of Frobisher Bay, which up to that time was believed by civilized man to be astrait. On this trip he was also greatly rejoiced to find unmistakable evidence of Frobisher’s visit of 1556-57. The book cited is interesting reading, and from it are taken the following notes regarding the geology of this Bay. Jones Cape.—Hall ‘“‘ascended a mountain in the rear of our encamp- ment. * * * On my way I observed a considerable quantity of the stone I had noticed upon Iron Island, and I also saw many small pieces of limestone on the very summit about a thousand feet above the level of the sea.” + This may be the locality which furnished the fossils from the Utica stage, described by Professor Emerson and listed beyond. Cape Stevens.—This locality is nearly 100 miles farther inland than Cape Jones, and here Hall on the top of a mountain “found numerous shells and fossils, some of which |he] brought away.” This may be the locality furnishing the Trenton fossils described by Professor Emerson and listed beyond. Sillimaw’s Fossil Mount.—At this place fossils were first brought to Hall by the natives. At my left, across the river, was aridge of white, which I afterward named Silli- man’s Fossil Mount (thus named after Benjamin Silliman, jr., of New Haven, Con- necticut. This fossil mount is on the west side of the termination of Frobisher Bay. It is in latitude 63° 44’, longitude 68° 56’), and behind it the unbroken front of a line 1 Arctic Researches a ios Among the Esquimaux, New York, 1865. 2Amer. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., XXXV, 1863, p. 404. 3Narrative of the Second Kees Expedition made by Charles F. Hall, edited by J. E. Nourse, Washington, 1879. Appendix III, On the Geology of Frobisher Bay, and Field Bay, by B. K. Emerson. 4Tbidem, p. 373. 5Tbidem, p. 381. No. 1192. - TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 145 of mountains extending northwesterly to the opening which I have called the Great Gateway.! * * * I visited that phenomenon; I mounted it, and went around italso. Itis amount of marine fossils in limestone, half a mile long, and over a hundred feet high [840 feet aneroid, according to Porter]. * * * The débris of the fossils begins at or near the top of the mount, falling at such an angle as broken stone from a mountain always make, an inclination of about 40°. Above the talus, or heap of broken stones, is a mass of fossils in limestone, strata-like. A smaller mount of the same char- acter is close by, but all in débris. It seems to fe have been divided from the main mount by the rushing down of waters : from the mountains he- 2 oS hind. A small stream comes down the moun- tains, passes along, and finally makes its way out between the two fossil mounts. This is also in- dicated in the course of this stream, as an acre or more of the plain is covered several feet in depth with the washed- down débris of fossils. ieee Ehe top.of Sil- Fig. 1.—A DISTANT VIEW OF SILLIMAN’s Fossit Mounr. liman’s Fossil Mount is (Photograph by R. W. Porter.) covered with boulders and grass. Even when close to the small mouat it looks like sand, but on examina- tion it is fine broken limestoné and fossils.” Mr. R. W. Porter, who visited Silliman’s Fossil Mount in August, 1897, described it to the writer as follows: ON BOARD 8. 8. HOPE, September 18, 1897. CHARLES SCHUCHERT, Esq. My Dear Sir: In accordance with your request, I take pleasure in handing to you the following notes on Silliman’s Fossil Mount (Hall’s) of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land. They are very meager—the results of only a few hours’ visit to this forma- tion, as J had intended to give the place a more thorough search next year. Silliman’s Fossil Mount lies at the head of Frobisher Bay, some 3 miles south of the Jordan River and about 1 mile from tide water. It lies close against the mountains of Meta Incognita [apparently unconformably], is about 1,000 yards long and 340 feet high (aneroid; not 100 feet, as given by Hall), general (lirection northwest and south- east. The fossils were taken from the talus slopes, the bed of the brook flowing at the base of the mount, in the limestone near the summit, and on the top itself. At its northern end there is a smaller mount of lesser height. The mount forms a striking feature of the landscape, and is composed of limestone, disintegrated to such an extent that the talus reaches nearly to the summit, which is very flat and composed of the ledge itself. This limestone ledge of nearly horizontal beds out- ‘Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall, edited by J. E. Nourse, Washington, 1879. Appendix III, On the Geology of Frobisher Bay, and Field Bay, by B. K. Emerson, p. 408. 2Tbidem, pp. 410-411. Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. crops all around the summit with vertical sides 10 to 20 feet high. The summit or table top is covered with moss and grass and several large bowlders of glacial origin. At its southeastern extremity it is joined to the range of mountains running par- allel to the mount and rising to altitudes of from 500 to 800 feet. Between the mount and neighboring mountain side flows a good-sized brook, flowing northwardly and out into the valley between the greater and lesser mounts. This brook has probably caused the separation of these two elevations, and has carried a quantity of clay and limestone out into the valley for several hundred yards. A close scrutiny of the adjacent mountain range revealed no limestone formation on its side. The rock of this range is a dark mica-schist, the dips making an angle of about 30° with the horizon. Its surface in many places shows the marks of glaciation (one moraine lying against the northern side of the smaller mount), but for the most part the parent ledge is hidden under a quantity of its own rock broken up by frost action. ‘I found a great number of limestone bowlders, erratics, scattered through the valley of the Jordan River and on Se Sere the sides and summits of the moun- Fic. 2.—A NEAR VIEW OF SILLIMAN’s Fossin Mount, tains which border it. (Photograph by R. W. Porter.) Finally, it may be interesting to know that the natives told me that these same formations containing fossils existed in several localities in the lake region of the interior. Very truly, yours, RUSSELL W. PORTER. Region west and northwest of Frobisher Bay.—From Mr. Porter’s account of Silliman’s Fossil Mount, it is evident that similar Lower Silurian strata occur in the lake region of the interior of Baffin Land. Mr. EK. M. Kindle! reports that Missionary Peck obtained from Lake Kennedy, which lies northwest of the head of Cumberland Sound, the following drift fossils: Zaphrentis sp.? [probably Streptelasma corniculum|. Halysites catenulatus |probably var. gracilis Hall]. Maclurea magna? [probably Maclurina manitobensis]. Endoceras proteiforme. With the fauna of Silliman’s Fossil Mount as a guide, it is probable that no horizon other than the Trenton is indicated by the species cited. Dr. Robert Bell? reports that— On ice pans farther up the coast [from Big Island in Hudson Strait], or to the 1 Amer. Journ. Sci., 4th ser., II, 1896, p. 456. 2 Observations on the Geology, etc., of Hudson Strait and Bay, made in 1885. Ann. Rept. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, new ser., I, 1885, pp. DD. For a sum- mary of North American Arctic geology see the report of the same Survey for 1886, II, 1887, p. R. NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 147 northwestward, I found fragments of shaly marl and of gray limestone with fossils, among which Receptaculites Oweni was easily distinguished. Shells and bryozoa, belonging to moderately deep-water species, were found on the same pans. The limestone fragments, just mentioned, would point to the occurrence of Silurian rocks on or near the great bays in the western part of the north shore of the straits, where the land is said to be low [see also the description of Akpatok Island]. Dr. Franz Boas of Berlin [now of New York] has recorded the existence of these rocks in the interior of Baffin Land, about 2 degrees of latitude north of this region, He says:! “Through the occurrence of the Silurian rocks in the Nettilling (Lake) (— Lake Kennedy), the discovery of the same formation at the upper end of Frobisher Bay increases in value. We must now suppose that the Silurian limestones, which appear at Prince Ruperts Inlet, extend from there to Frobisher Bay, and overlie the granites and gneisses of Baffins Bay aud Davis Strait. We will not be far astray if we con- nect this extensive Silurian district with the limestones which occur to the south of Igluling; and which form the flat eastern half of Melville Peninsula. Southward from Nettilling, these rocks rise in low hill ranges.” Farther to the north, great areas of Upper Silurian rocks occur, yielding characteristic fossils of this age. In association with this fauna also occur species of Lower Silurian age. Two of these are. Receptaculites arcticus Etheridge, and R. occidentalis Salter. The latter may be the same as R. oweni of this paper, a species closely related to R. occidentalis. One or both of these species are found associated with a typical Upper Silurian fauna at Cape Louis Napoleon (latitude 79° 38/ north), and Cape Frazer (latitude 79° 45/ north). Maclurea arctica Haughton, WM. logani Salter, and M. magna Lesueur, are also identified as occurring in this region in Upper Silurian faunas. Such localities are Fury Point (latitude 72° 50’ north, longitude 92° west), Depot Bay (latitude 72° north, longitude 94° west), Cape Hilgard (latitude 79° 41’ north), and Bessels Bay (latitude 81° 6’). Maclurea arctica with Actinoceras crebriseptum Hall and Receptaculites neptunt Defrance (prob- ably = R. oweni) are found with Upper Silurian fossils on the west coast of King Williams Island. Maclurea, or Maclurina, is a genus restricted to the Lower Silurian, and the same is true of Actinoceras crebriseptum. On the other hand, Etheridge has described as Helico- toma nuresii, a similar shell from the Upper Silurian of Offley Island (latitude 81° 16’ north) and with this the author has identified a speci- men in the U.S. National Museum collected by Dr. E. Bessels at Polaris Bay (latitude 81° 38’ north). The preservation of these shells, however, is such that any identification will have little value. The foregoing facts can be interpreted in various ways: First, Arctic collections of fossils are usually made by explorers who pick up loose fossils, some of which may have been carried by the ice considerable distances. In this way, specimens from several horizons become mixed. The author, however, does not believe that this is gen- erally the case here, since the apparant mixtures occur in seven local- ities distributed between latitudes 72° to 81° 6’ north. Secondly, the identifications are not uniform, and this is particularly true of the specimens ot Maclurea. For the present, therefore, it will ' Petermann’s Mittheilungen, November, 1885. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. I be necessary to eliminate such identifications as horizon markers from ; the Upper Silurian local faune. Thirdly, Receptaculites arcticus,! R. occidentalis, and R. oweni are good Lower Silurian horizon markers and are easily identified. Therefore the writer accepts the presence of these forms as indicative of Lower Silurian rocks. Such localities are Cape Louis Napoleon, Cape Frazer, and the west coast of King Williams Island. From this evidence, it appears that to the north of Baffin Land wher areas of Trenton strata occur, and likewise that at Cape Louis Napoleon, Cape Frazer, and on the west coast of King Williams Island, they underlie the Upper Silurian beds. Probably, it is this occurrence rather than the transportation by ice, which has led to the aes of the faunas. Akpatok Island.—The Trenton of Frobisher Bay and Lake Kennedy apparently continues southward to Hudson Strait, where, in the vicinity of Big Island, Receptaculites owent was found by Dr. Bell on pan ice, as described above. Another Trenton limestone area occurs more to the east, and near the south shore of Hudson Strait, on Akpatok Island, in Ungava Bay. Here Dr. Bell? obtained 90 fossils of Trenton age. He writes: The portion of the island which I saw [northern end to middle of east side] con- sists of unaltered gray limestone in horizontal beds, and it presents a perpendicular wall 400 to 500 feet high all along. This sea wall is clear cut and the beds appear thick and solid, but wherever their edges have been long exposed to the weather or in the hillsides and ravines of the interior, they split up into thinner layers. Some fragments observed in one place had the appearance of lithographic stone. * * * This formation must here have a thickness of 900 feet above sea level, and there is possibly a great additional thickness of Cambro-Silurian rocks beneath the sea level. EXTENT OF THE ARCTIC TRENTON. From the foregoing description of localities, it appears that Middle Lower Silurian horizons are very extensive in eastern Arctic America. Such are known in places on either side of Hudson Strait, Frobisher Bay, the interior of Baffin Land, and to the north of this land at vari- ous localities between latitudes 79° and 80° north. As far as known, these strata unconformably overlie very ancient crystalline rocks and are in turn overlain by Upper Silurian beds of Niagara or Wenlock age. Lower Cambrian rocks are found in southern Labrador, but in the region of Baftin Land such are not known to be present. Here, then, there seems to be a complete break from the Laurentian to the Tren- ton, followed by another break paleontogically, in the absence of the Cincinnatian beds, and probably the lower horizons of the Upper Silurian. The Lower Silurian fossils of this area indicate nothing older than the por Trenton of New York and the Galena of Wisconsin and iPhe fans of ani species are in adhe British Mnccnn and Dr. Hinde in his work on the Receptaculitide (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, November, 1884, p. 845) gives the horizon as Lower Silurian. 2Summary Rept. of Geol. Surv. Dept. for the year 1897-98, pp. 82, 83 No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 149 - Minnesota, and nothing younger than the Utica stage of the United States. The thickness of these beds is not less than 900 feet and prob- ably exceeds this. This summary is based on information known to the author, and, while the evidence is meager, the essential geological age and the sequence of the rocks of Baftin Land seem to be established. PALEONTOLOGY. Hall's collections.—The few fossils collected at Silliman’s Fossil Mount and brought to America by Mr. Hall were identified by R. P. Stevens! for the New York Lyceum of Natural History, as follows: Maclurea magna Leseuer [probably Maclurina manitobensis]. Endoceras proteiforme Hall? [—Cameroceras proteiforme]. Orthoceras (badly worn specimens). Heliolites (new species). Heliolites (new species). Halysites catenulata. : Receptaculites (new species) [=?R. oweni of this paper]. There is apparently nothing in this list but what was again discov- ered in 1897. Mr. Stevens writes that ‘the fossils, without doubt, are all Lower Silurian,” and on the basis of the Maclurea magna “would place the limestone containing it on the horizon of the Chazy limestone of New York.” However, it does not appear that this writer announced any particular age beyond Lower Silurian for the rocks comprised in ‘Silliman’s Fossil Mount.? _Another lot of fossils collected by Hall on his first expedition to Frobisher Bay was given to Amherst College, and forms the basis of Prof. B. K. Emerson’s report ‘‘On the Geology of Frobisher Bay and Field Bay.” In this lot, there is apparently nothing from Silliman’s Fossil Mount, but Utica and Trenton fossils are present from localities more to the eastward and from the north shore of Frobisher Bay. These are: TRENTON SPECIES. UTICA SPECIES. [‘‘ Gray argillaceous limestone.” ?Cape Stevens.] | [‘‘Flinty bituminous limestone.” ?Jones Cape. j Buthotrephis cfr. gracilis Hall. Diplograptus dentatus(Brongniart). Stictopora ramosa Hall? Lingula curta Conrad. Rhynchonella. | Hndoceras proteiforme Hall. Tellinomya levata Hall. Orthoceras laqueatum Hall? Murchisonia gracilis? Triarthrus becki Green. Conularia trentonensis Hall. Calymmene senaria Conrad. 1Amer. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., XXXV, 1863, pp. 293, 294. 2Prof. B. K. Emerson says: ‘‘We made inquiry, but can find no traces of this or the other fossils reported upon in Mr. Stevens’s article quoted.” See ‘On the Geol- ogy of Frobisher Bay and Field Bay.” Appendix III to ‘Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall,” edited by Prof. J. E. Nourse, Washing- ton, 1879, p. 576. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. y TRENTON SPECIES—continued. UTICA SPECIES—continued. [‘‘Gray argillaceous limestone.” ?Cape Stevens.] | [‘‘ Flinty bituminous limestone.” ?Jones Cape.] Tentaculites. Cyphaspis frobishert Kmerson. Leperditia alta Conrad. . Leperditia canadensis Jones. Primitia muta Jones. Frimitia frobishert Emerson. Beyrichia symmetricus Emerson. Asaphus sp. The Trenton horizon may be the same as that of Silliman’s Fossil Mount. In any event, the foregoing lists indicate horizons intimately connected, and it is probable that all the fossiliferous strata at the head of Frobisher Bay are of Trenton and Utica age. Akpatok Island.—The fossils collected by Dr. Bell on Akpatok Island have been studied by Professor Whiteaves,' with the following results: The species indicate the Trenton limestone, and ‘are remarkably similar to the fossils of the Trenton formation of the Red River Valley in Manitoba.” ‘Eleven had previously been found in the Manitoba Trenton, and nine are species that are common at East Selkirk and Lower Fort Garry.” This fauna also connects directly with that of Silliman’s Fossil Mount. The following is a list of the species: Receptaculites owent Hall. . Streptelasma robustum W hiteaves. Calapecia canadensis Billings. Rafinesquina lata Whiteaves. Leptena unicostata (Meek and Worthen). Plectambonites sericea (Sowerby). Orthis tricenaria Conrad. Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi arctica Schuchert. Orthis (Hebertella) bellirugosa (Conrad). Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria (Dalman). Platystrophia biforata (Schlotheim). ?Rhynchotrema inequivalvis (Castelnau). Cyrtoceras manitobense Whiteaves. 1Amer. Journ. Sci., 4th ser., VII, 1899, pp. 433, 434. No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN L4ND—SCHUCHERT. 151 List of fossils from Silliman’s Fossil Mount and their distribution. Species. or Birdseye Lowville. Receptaculites oweni Hall....... Waaainta nace ce woe cect coe emirsomnile HischMnitesvowmensisi( Owen) secceecioccecamnancenaccs ce caceieecsie Halysites catenulatus gracilis (Hall) .........------------------- Tyellia afinis (Billings) -~--- <2. .25-..-s2-ce eee e= -- == nee ee Plasmopora lambw, new species ..-..------------------+-------- Calapevia canadensis Billings....--..--...----------------+----- Streptelasma corniculum iE Lee eae es eR tere es oe IPOKOCTUNUS SNA2Ut, DOW: SPCCICS) «1,-1.1 sine > <\-l- > i= =e le a LEEK ROC DOS Ci fHHOS MDGS? SasacecoancadooncKcoS=cecoceqco9500008 Crepipora, species undetermined ..........------.-------------- OpinsiimicenarioCOnradeerece eee eeeeereonesce cease ero eee Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria (Dalman)-..-......------------ Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella Hall.........----..---------------- Orthis (Hebertetla) borealis (Billings) ......----.---------------- Orthis (Hebertella) bellirugosa (Conrad) ........----------------- Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi Winchell and Schuchert-..---.-.------ Orthis (Dinorthis) meedst arctica, new variety .-...--.---------- Platystrophia bifo: ata (Schlotheim)........--..-..-------------- Parastrophia hemiplicata Hall..-.-....-.-.- Raye fale Cas aiceteen yer mia Rhynchotrema inequivalvis (Castelnau) ......-..--------------- GienodontarysubnasiutonWilrichytasssascsnee nec ceneec eae e eel Ctenodonta frobisherensis, new species....-------.-------------- Ctenodonta carpenderi, new species.-.-..-.--------------------- Ctenodonta bajinensis, new species. ......---.------------------ Modiolodon arctica, new species .--..--..-....------------------ Whiteavesia symmetricus, hew species .....---.---- Se Ppecacroeae Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, new species. .--...---------------- Cyrtodonta gibbera, Ulrich variety.....--.----.----------------- WCRI CRD WNT BakossoocoscoacosancoasaebonbeSpeoDoE Vanuxemia bafinensis, new species ....--..-.---------------+--- Whitella arcticus, new specieS....-....----------+----------eeeee Sara WOCSGs USO eaoosocsngocbbooduocssasonceqoaqodsoce Protowarthia pervolutus Ulrich and Scofield --.-.....--.-------- Tetranota obsoleta Ulrich and Scofield....-.--------------------- Kokenia costalis Ulrich and Scofield ...-.-....------------------ Bellerophon similis Ulrichand Scofield...--.-------------------- Lophospira spironema Ulrich and Scofield ..-..--..------------- Liospira americana (Billings)...-.---..-.-----------------++---- Clathrospira conica Ulrich and Scofield.......-...---.----------- Seely a(2)rulwicht NewiSpeCles-- cas -acceeneos esos ee anise ele Je aanoTn@ (A) Uanrocna: SEMI BeagouconbauduUee csoduauadousoaouee Maclurina manitobensis (Whiteaves) .....--------.------------- Maclurina cuneata (Whittield) ............-.-----.------------- Maclurea crassa Ulrich and Scofield .--.....----.-----.--------- Trochonema umbilicatum (Hall)........------------------------- Trochonema (Eunema) robbinsi Ulrich and Scotield . ..----.----- sHolopea arctica, New Species. -.+2--s-2+sne.0--+- 2-552 ees e-s 5 Trochus (?), species undetermined.......-..-..-..--------------- Fusispira inflata (Meek and Worthen) ...----.----------------- Fusispira nobilis Ulrich and Schofield ........------------------ Camerocerasiproteuforme) (Hall) pteesee ee. asec eee a eee eee Orthoceras olorus bafinensis, new variety...-.------------------- Onihocerastbuliveatum ilalleeee sets eee eee oeiee cece Orthoceras\portert, New. SPCCl@S.=..---02- s-<--22----+2-2252 ~~ - Orthoceras scalariformis, new species ..-...--------------------- Cyrtoceras manitobense Whiteaves.......-------------.--------- Cyrtoceras cornulwm, new species..-----.--.------- bs Ree acantes Cyrtoceras bafinensis, new species ...-.------------------------- Clinoceras exiguum (Billings)......-....--------------+--+------ Oncoceras arcticum, New species .....---.----------------------- Poterioceras, species undetermined....-.-----------------.------ Eurystomites plicatus Whiteaves -..-.----------- -------------- LEY OOGYIOROS GRO: ONTO 15 ooo acoooodoae bomouacacuneoaceooDe done EZR UINUVUU Ca OLBIGUCE ENTE ee eco ene acetone Cine eee ae lo sieicein sais Kn oUsella 2am CwaS POCLESe anc sen cose nes anew sabe ce ae clues eecaaee Nileus vigilans (Meek and Worthen)...-......------------------ Illenus crassicauda americanus (Billings) Isotelus gigas De Kay Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodrigi, new species...----.----- Ceraurus pleurexanthemus Green ....... Seesmic Sdoagsenoddooda Total Horizons. I elie “E | Ba | 4 | ~) og a 5 | S| ae Oo |e conGad x ddcona x Sgenee x Dm Vi Poegeiecs revatarstss|| x x x x x Saasde x SAeeSE x x xa cacouc | ay K eeceee Xx ecHaos x eaten x Bab aS x x Xx x x Stein terete x Seenicie x > XS xX | x KEAN eV reve, See ane sts x Sete x xX x ursfalete x Soaeas x x x wee eee ea sa x x | wee eee |(atetate tates bye aaers x tere: | ys Naodooe . | eed eesecs Ne eee |aeeces x x bSegce x | vy eosecce | x x 17 38 Regions. . _ 7 - oj ‘ SU Siu ish 3 Sof \)o8 sS 2S Ib 5 A | of | RE | Sia cs ° =| | & Bh ests a) Sle 7 Mi Ne olata Xx Santee SeBoso PS SSE See esana6 x BABA XY laseddolliséoase ei ee ae Ma \lpssocollsecnad een xix x x xX x Dry Meee p8beds x x Speen Ge Gg eee Seeger Pe Bee x x x acetal x x sesehS x x fos anes x DS EEE a eke ie SaaoaG DGien Norsemen 50806 Gelso ae x x x od0n06 x sarees ee ae KSAleeeees Sonece PONE SAa eee assis x xX x XG ibrew Sa ehh (eases eeterere x Sees aettetere x SHOSeC 2 x x oo00K0 x aererey= so0000 x aeeejere Binds Nc alee candao x x x all ia wey are Pal oeamecs x x x panscaiedace: e=eg53 age ea ayy 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Age of Silliman’s Fossil Mount.—From Mr. Porter’s description, it will be seen that the fossils recently collected at Silliman’s Fossil Mount are from various horizons, and yet there is nothing to indicate the presence of more than one fauna. The foregoing list shows that at present there are 72 species known from this locality, and of these 28 are restricted to it. There are, therefore, 54 species which are common to other localities, a goodly number with which to make safe correla- tions. Of these 54 species, 41, or 57 per cent of the known fauna, are also found in the region of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, while 17 — are known to occur in New York and Ottawa. On comparing the 54 widely distributed species with those from definite stages in Minnesota, it is seen that 10 are also found in Birds- eye (= Lowville), 17 in the Black River, 38, or about 70 per cent, in the Galena, the direct equivalent of the New York Trenton, and 11 in the Cincinnatian group. From these figures it is evident that the stage of Silliman’s Fossil Mount belongs in the Galena, and that the fauna is more intimately related to that of the Minnesota region than to the Trenton of New York. When the New York Trenton fauna is restudied in the light of recent researches in Minnesota,' however, it will be shown that the two faunas have more in common than now appears. On the other hand, the lithological similarities of the Minnesota Galena and Silli- man’s Fossil Mount—light-colored shales predominating in both areas— may explain in large measure the close identity of these widely sepa- rated faunas. This little fauna likewise brings out the fact that the corals, brachi- opods, gastropods, and the trilobites are slow in their evolutional change, and the species can therefore spread over very great areas, while the cephalopods, and particularly the pelecypods, are more sen- sitive to change, and are thus restricted to localities. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Uncertain Class. Family RECEPTACULITID Roemer. RECEPTACULITES OWENI Hall. Receptaculites owent HALL, Geol. Rept. Wis., 1862, p. 46, fig. 2; p. 429. —WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 57, pl. F, figs. 1-4. In the present collection, this species is represented by a large disk- Shaped specimen which measures 6 inches from the central apex to the See the two magnificent volumes on the paleontology of the Lower Silurian fos- sils of Minnesota, entitled Geology of Minnesota, III, Pts. 1, 2, published by the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, N. H. Winchell, State Geologist. . ao, No. 1192, TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 153 circumference, making the species originally not less than 12 inches over all. This is about the usual size for the larger specimens of R. oweni in Minnesota, although examples have been seen 20 inches in diameter. Etheridge has described FR. arcticus from Cape Frazer and Cape Louis Napoleon in Grinnell Land. This is also a large disk-shaped species, similar in growth to R. owent, but the walls are usually twice as thick, and the transverse tubes are much larger and fewer in a given space than in the species last named. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28143, U.S.N.M. ISCHADITES IOWAENSIS (Owen). Selenoides iowensis OWEN, Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., 1852, p. 587, pl. 2B, fig. 13. Ischadites iowensis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 64, pl. F, figs. 5, 6. A well-preserved fragment of this species is identical with specimens from Goodhue County, Minnesota. - Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28144, U.S.N.M. Class CCH LHNTHRATA. Order ALCYONARIA Edwards and Haime. Family HALYSITID. HALYSITES CATENULATUS, var. GRACILIS Hall. - Halysites catenularia var. gracilis LAMBE, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., *V, 1899, p. 69, pl. 11, figs. 5-7. Of this widely distributed species, which begins in the Trenton and dies out in the Lower Helderberg, there are several excellent specimens present. These Arctic Trenton specimens are in harmony with the variety gracilis, which is restricted to the Trenton and Lorraine stages. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28138, U.S.N.M. Family HELIOPORIDA‘ Moseley. LYELLIA AFFINIS (Billings). For synonymy see Lambe, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., IV, 1899, p. 84. This species, of which there are in the present collection three well- preserved examples, Mr. Lambe says occurs in the ‘“‘ Hudson River and Niagara formations, in the four divisions of the Anticosti group, and in the Lower Helderberg group.” To this range is now added the Trenton stage. Collectors.—J.N.Carpender and A.V. Shaw. Cat. No.28139, U.S.N.M. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. a PLASMOPORA LAMBII, new species. This species begins growth on some small foreign object, and expands to a diameter exceeding 12 em. by 7 em. in height. Beyond the place of attachment the lower surface is irregularly concave and covered by a thin epitheca. The upper surface is in form depressed hemispheric to conical. Corallites from 1 to 1.75 mm. in diameter, commonly about 1.25 mm., circular, and separated from one another from 0.5 to 1.25 mm. Septa not prominent, and where the original surface is well preserved not easily distinguishable from the radial striations, or granular sur- face, of the tubular area. Corallites with very closely adjoining tabulz, which are generally decidedly vesicular, but in places they are flat. In longitudinal sections there are from two to five tubules between neigh- boring corallites; the tabulz are convex, generally giving the inter-cor- allite space a decided vesicular structure. The general vesicular condition of the tabule in both the tubules and corallites distinguishes P. lambii. This feature was pointed out by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe of the Canadian Geological Survey, and the writer takes pleasure in connecting his name with this new species in appre- ciation of his excellent work on the corals of Canada. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28140, U.S.N.M. CALAPCCIA CANADENSIS Billings. For synonymy see Lambe, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., IV, 1859, p. 43. Of this species, there is a small, depressed, hemispheric specimen in which the corallites are in contact, and therefore there is little inter- zooecial vesicular tissue. The hexagonal, nearly uniform corallites are from 3 to4 mm. in width, and each has from 18 to 20 septa. The above identification is confirmed by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28142, U.S.N.M. Order MADREPORARIA Edwards and Haime Suborder TETRACORALLA Haeckel. Family STREPTELASMID A‘ Nicholson. STREPTELASMA CORNICULUM Hall. Streptelasma corniculum HALu, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 69, pl. xxv, figs. la—le.—WInN- CHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 18935, p. 90, pl. G, figs. 20, 21. This characteristic Trenton cup coral is common 1n the strata of Silli- man’s Fossil Mount, and agrees well with specimens from the Galena horizon of Minnesota. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28141, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has a number of specimens collected by Mr. kh. W. Porter. ae nase GNCSINOs DI SyANG No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 155 } | Family CRYPTOCRINID Zittel. POROCRINUS SHAW/I, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 1-3.) This species is most nearly related to P. smitht Grant,! as far as the shape of the dorsal cup, elevation of the costa, and form of the plates are concerned. It differs, however, from all American species in that the circular pore-rhomb spaces are larger. This is particularly true of the lowest series, which occupy nearly the entire basal plates besides portions of two adjoining subradials. The rhombs are also very large in the interradial areas on each side of the arm bases. The ambulacral grooves are narrow and short, and within the shallow vestibule terminate abruptly below into the body cavity. The margin bordering the large, central, circular opening is somewhat notched at each ambulacral groove, giving the impression that there may have been communication between the oral opening and each ambulacral groove. The smaller ventral plates are not preserved in this specimen, which is the only one known. Named for Mr. A. V. Shaw, of Boston, Massachusetts, who was one of the Frobisher Bay party of 1897. - Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28145, U.S.N.M. Family LICHENOCRINID A, LICHENOCRINUS AFFINIS Miller. Lichenocrinus affinis MILLER, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 229, pl. rx, figs. 7, Ta. But a single specimen of this species has been noted, and this was attached to an Orthoceras. It has the general aspects of L. affinis in the pentagonal column, form of body, slight convexity, number of plates, and the general irregularity of these, both in form and arrangement. The genus Lichenocrinus has not been previously recorded from rocks below the Utica. In the Cincinnatian group specimens are often abun- dant where L. affinis occurs in the upper third or Richmond stage. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28146, U.S.N.M. 1 Ottawa Field Nat. Club, Trans. No. 2, 1881, p. 42, plate, figs. 1-8. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. BRYOZOA. Family CERAMOPORIID) Ulrich. CREPIPORA, species undetermined. Specimens of this species were sent to Mr. EH. O. Ulrich, who identified them as belonging to Crepipora. The minute structure, meat is poorly preserved, and no thin sections were made. Collectors.—A. H. White, J. N. Carpender, and A. V. shame Cat. “No. 28147, U.S.N.M. Class BRACHIOPODA. Order PROTREMATA Beecher. Family ORTHIDAL Woodward. ORTHIS TRICENARIA Conrad. Orthis tricenaria CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 333.—WINCHELL and ScHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 418, pl. xxxur, fig. 18-23. This well-known and characteristic Trenton species is represented by two specimens, which are small for this form, but otherwise closely re- semble those from the Galena shale of Minnesota. On Akpatok Island the species attained the largest growth known, being more than three times as large as those found in Baffin Land. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28149, U.S.N.M. One speci- men was also found by Mr. R. W. Porter and is now in the American Museum of Natural History. ORTHIS (DALMANELLA) TESTUDINARIA (Dalman). Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1893, p. 441, pl. xxxiu, figs. 17-22. This ubiquitous Lower Silurian species is very abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and at this locality is quite constant in its characters. _ The specimens belong to the variety with fine striz, in which the dorsal valve is often slightly convex, recalling the subgenus Rhipidomella rather than Dalmanella. However, other examples have the typical flat dorsal valve, with a well-defined median sinus. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28148, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History also has a number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. ORTHIS (PLECTORTHIS) PLICATELLA Hall. Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 436, pl. xx x11, figs. 5-7. As arule, this species is not abundant in the Trenton either in New York orin Minnesota, but at Silliman’s Fossil Mount itis a common shell. No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCH UCHERT. 157 The Arctic examples are large and robust, and agree rather with speci- mens from Watertown, New York, than with those from Minnesota, which are somewhat smaller. The species is often confounded with Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, but can be easily distinguished by the almost entire absence of fold and sinus. When these are present, how- ever, they are found to occupy a position the reverse of that seen in the latter species. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28150, U.S.N.M. A number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History. ORTHIS (HEBERTELLA) BOREALIS (Billings). Orthis (Hebertella) borealis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 433, figs. 33a-33¢. : This well-developed species is represented by six typical specimens. They much resemble O. (P.) plicatella externally except in the position of the fold and sinus, which is the reverse of that seen in Hall’s species. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. In the American Museum of Natural History there are three specimens collected by R. W. Porter. Cat. No. 28151, U.S.N.M. ORTHIS (HEBERTELLA?) BELLIRUGOSA (Conrad). Orthis (Hebertella?) bellarugosa WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., Ii, Pt. 1, 1895, p. 454, pl. xxx111, figs. 1-4. This species is never abundant in the Trenton, and the same is true in Baffin Land. Mr. Russell W. Porter found a single specimen, which is now in the American Museum of Natural History. This form also occurs on Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, Labrador. ORTHIS (DINORTHIS) MEEDSI Winchell and Schuchert, var. ARCTICA, . new variety. (Plate XII, figs. 7, 8.) Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 427, pl. xx11, figs. 39-45. This species, which is common in the Galena or Trenton stage of Minnesota, is also abundant at the Frobisher Bay locality. As in Min- nesota, it is here also a very variable species. However, among the Arctic specimens this variation tends toward the equalization and increase of the number of plications, while in Minnesota, bundling of the plications accompanied by the development of a conspicuous dorsal sinus, is the chief trend of variation. The specimens having the last- named characters were given the varietal name germana. On the same . ground it may be advisable to name the Arctic variation—those with the more numerous and equal plications, and an obsolete or nearly obso- lete dorsal-sinus variety—arctica. 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THK NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. O. (D.) meedsi of Silliman’s Fossil Mount also recalls O. (D.) proavita and O. (D.) subquadrata, showing that the three probably belong to one stock. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. Nos. 28152,3, U.S.N.M. A number of specimens are in the American ‘Museum of Natural History, which were collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. PLATYSTROPHIA BIFORATA (Schlotheim ). Platystrophia biforata WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 455, pl. xxx, figs. 51-54. This ubiquitous Silurian species appears to be rare at the Frobisher Bay locality, since but three specimens are present. These are small, a condition in harmony with their Trenton age, and have short hinge lines devoid of hinge extensions. The latter feature is best developed in the upper or Richmond stage of the Cincinnatian group. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28154, U.S.N.M. A single specimen is in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Family PORAMBONITID2 Davidson. PARASTROPHIA HEMIPLICATA Hall. Parastrophia hemiplicata SCHUCHERT, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 87, 1897, p.300. These small early pentameroids are under size in the Arctic locality, but otherwise are more in harmony with examples from New York than with those from Minnesota. Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28156, U.S.N.M. Order TELOTREMATA Beecher. Family RHYNCHONELLID A Gray. RHYNCHOTREMA MINNESOTENSIS (Sardeson). Rhynchotrema inequivalvis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT (part), Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 459, pl. Xxx1v, figs. 9-11, 15-23 (not figs. 12-14, 24, 25). Rhynchonella minnesotensis SARDESON, Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1892, p. 333, pl. rv, figs. 21-23; Amer. Geol., XVIII, 1896, p. 184. The common Rhynchonella from the Birdseye or Lowville and Black River stages, which is usually identified as RK. increbescens Hall, is always devoid of the concentric lamell so characteristic of A. incre- bescens= R. inequiralvis of the Trenton stage. Occasional specimens occur with a few of the lamelle near the anterior margin, but gen- erally the shell is devoid of these, their places being occupied by very fine, wavy, concentric lines. In higher beds, these fine lines develop into stronger and more extended lamelle, which find their greatest development in Rhynchotrema perlamellosum of the upper or Richmond stage of the Cincinnatian group. No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 159 The form of R.minnesotensis is quite variable and can not be of much aid in distinguishing this shell from A. inequivalvis. The two are often found associated in the same beds, and it is then difficult to identify them correctly. This fact led Winchell and Schuchert, in 1893, to regard both as belonging to one species, Rk. inequivalvis. Locality and formation.—In the Lowville and particularly in the Black River stages of the Trenton in Minnesota and Wisconsin, Lex- ington, Kentucky, and in the Cincinnatian group at Savannah, Illinois. This species and R. inwquivalvis subtrigonalis are unknown at Silli- man’s Fossil Mount. RHYNCHOTREMA INAQUIVALYVIS (Castelnau). Spirifer inequivalvis CASTELNAU, Essai Systeme Sil. VAmérique Septentrionale, 1843, p. 40, pl. xiv, fig. 8. Atrypa increbescens HALL, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 146, pl. xxxum1, figs. 13a-13h (probably not p. 289, pl. LXXxIx, fig. 6). Rhynchotrema inequivalvis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT (part), Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 459, pl. xxxrv, figs. 12-14, 24, 25 (not figs. 9-11, 15-23—R. minnesotensis ). : This species was first described by Castelnau, who obtained his spec- imens from the “magnesian limestone” of Drummonds Island. His figures show the characteristic concentric lamellx which are almost always present on these shells coming from the Trenton, and this feature distinguishes them from those found in the Lowville and Black River stages. Hall subsequently described this shell as Atrypa increbescens, but it is now generally known as Rhynchonella increbescens. The species is a characteristic form of the Trenton, while in the Cin- cinnatian group its descendant FR. capax attains large size, often great rotundity, with marked concentric lamelle. The lamellar develop- ment finds its extreme in R. perlamellosum. RK. inequivalvis is abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, the concen- tric lamellz being also strongly developed in the specimens found. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28155, U.S.N.M. <A number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History. RHYNCHOTREMA INAZQUIVALVIS SUBTRIGONALIS (Hall). Atrypa subtrigonalis HALL, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 145, pl. xxx, fig. 12. This shell is only an elongate variety of Rk. inwquivalvis and appears to be a rare form in the,Trenton of New York, yet at Curdsvilie, Ken- tucky, it is abundant. As in &. inwquivalvis, the lamelle are well developed, 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. -— Class PHLHCY PODA. Family NUCULIDA Gray. CTENODONTA SUBNASUTA Ulrich ? (Plate XIII, figs. 4-6.) Ctenodonta subnasuta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 585, pl. xi, figs. 34-36. There are two examples of this species, and these appear to agree best with Minnesota specimens of C. suwbnasuta. They were sent to Mr. E. O. Ulrich for direct comparison with his types. He writes: You can not be far wrong if you identify these specimens with C. subnasuta. Still, — there is some doubt as to their identity. The Arctic specimens are larger than the types, and relatively a little more elongate, while the basal outline is scarcely as convex, and the umbones not so full and evenly rounded. Finally, the smaller end, which I am now somewhat inclined to regard as the anterior, is relatively wider in your shells. I may add that the larger specimen indicates a thinner hinge plate than in the types, so that, after all, these specimens may belong to a distinct species. Typical C. subnasuta occur in the Trenton of Manitoba. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28163, U.S.N.M. CTENODONTA CARPENDERI, new species. (Plate XIII, figs. 1-3.) This is the most abundant pelecypod from Silliman’s Fossil Mount and appears to be closely related to C. cuneiformis Ulrich.' It dif- fers, however, in various details, particularly in always being consid- erably larger. C. carpenderi has also the general aspect of small specimens of O. nasuta, but differs in the straight hinge line, especially that of the posterior end, which terminates abruptly into the regularly convex outline of this portion of the shell. Mr. E. O. Ulrich, to whom several examples were sent, wrote as follows: These specimens are closely related to OC. cuneiformis Ulrich. The types of that species are much smaller, with the narrower end relatively shorter and the constric- tion more distinct. Good specific differences are found in the postcardinal region (i. e., assuming that the wider end is posterior). Here the Arctic species is more impressed, causing the umbonal ridge to be much more prominent, the postcardinal slopes wider and concave instead of flat. Just behind the beaks there is a triangu- lar shaped area (ligamental probably) which is wanting in C. cuneiformis. Named after Mr. J. N. Carpender, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, who made the most extensive collection of fossils at the head of Fro- bisher Bay. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28164, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter are now in the American Museum of Natural History. : 1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 597, pl. xu, figs. 31-33. No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 161 CTENODONTA BAFFINENSIS, new species (Ulrich). (Plate XIII, figs. 7-10.) There is but a single example of this species present, and this was provisionally identified as C. scofieldi Ulrich.’ The author of the species writes that, while it has the general aspect of C. scofieldi, it is neverthe- less sufficiently distinct to be recognized as new. Mr. Ulrich has made the following comparisons: At first sight this is extremely like C. scofieldi, but on closer inspection, and par- ticularly when compared with the types of that species, certain peculiarities become so prominent that I wonder that they were not observed at once. The first of these is a depression, or rather widening furrow, extending vertically from the beaks across the valves. This is sufficient to cause a straightening, even a slight concavity, in the ventral outline. The outline of the valves differs further in the postventral (wider) region being more prominent and more narrowly rounded here. In a car- dinal view the species agrees best with C. scofieldi, but in a lateral view the outline corresponds better with C. medialis and C. nitida Ulrich. The contour of the valves, however, shows it to be a distinct form, the mesial depression possibly indicating relations to species of the type C. carinata Ulrich. C. scofieldi also has no radiating lines; the concentric lines are equally as delicate. ; Collector.—R. W. Porter. The type is in the American Museum of Natural History. CTENODONTA FROBISHERENSIS, new species. (Plate XIII, figs. 11-14.) Of this little shell there are two well-preserved specimens, which appear to be distinct from all other Ordovician Ctenodontas. Probably the species most nearly related is C. albertina Ulrich,’ from which it differs in having the beaks more centrally situated, the valves shallower, and in being less drawn out anteriorly. At first this form was thought to be most closely related to C. oviformis Ulrich,® but the author of the latter species writes that the Arctic shell ‘“‘has different propor- tions” and that it represents a new species. C. oviformis is less high, has narrowly rounded ends, and the beaks are situated nearer the mid- length. Its rounded-ovate form distinguishes it from the other Fro- bisher Bay species, all of which are nasute forms. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28165, U.S.N.M. Family MODIOLOPSID4 Ulrich. MODIOLODON ARCTICUS, new species. (Plate XIII, figs. 18, 19.) There is a good cast of the interior of the valves of this shell in the present collection. The species is very much like M. patulus Ulrich,’ 1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 593, pl. x1, figs. 53-58. 2Tbidem, p. 598, pl. xl, figs. 76-82. 5 Tbidem, p. 586, pl. xu, fig. 29. 1Tbidem, p. 521, pl. xxxvul, figs. 20-24. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. and was at first regarded by the writer as a variety of that form. J. arcticus is, however, nearer subquadrate than ovate, shorter and more erect, the post-cardinal portion more alate, and the beaks smaller and more pointed than in M. patulus Ulrich. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28166, U.S.N.M. WHITEAVESIA SYMMETRICUS, new species (Ulrich). (Plate XIII, figs. 15-17.) This little shell was thought by the writer to be probably identical with Crytodonta affinis var. fillmorensis Ulrich,' and for confirmation of this opinion sent the specimen to Mr. Ulrich. He, however, refers it to the genus Whiteavesia of the family Modiolopside. As his notes are detailed, they are given at length. Remains of the black ornament-bearing epidermis prove the specimen to belong to the Modiolopsidx. It is a new species, with an anterior end reminding of Modio- lopsis arguta, while the rest of the outline and general aspect is more nearly hke M/. similis. It is also like MW. obsoleta, but it is too high posteriorly. It is, however, not a true Modiolopsis, the umbones being too prominent and full, the ventral outline convex, and the anterior muscular scars scarcely distinguishable in the cast. These~ characters make it a Whiteavesia, and it does not seem to be closely related to any of the described species of that genus. The rather uniform convexity of the valves is peculiar to this species. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28162, U.S.N.M. Family CYRTODONTID Ulrich. CYRTODONTA SILLIMANENSIS, new species (Ulrich). (Plate XIII, figs. 31-33.) Mr. Ulrich has kindly made the following notes on this species: Have compared this with every Cyrtodonta known to me without finding one with which it is identical. Ina general way it reminds of C. affinis, C. parva, and C. halli,? but am satisfied it is not closely related with any of that group of species. Its true affinities seem to be with C. subcarinata Billings, but is readily distinguished by its shorter form and much broader posterior. From C. huronensis Billings,’ which I regard as another close ally (also C. billingsi Ulrich ”), it differs not only in size but in its greater convexity and much better defined antero-median suleus. The speci- men is preserved in part as a cast of the interior, and I am therefore inclined to doubt that the sulcus is as strongly defined on the exterior of the shell as shown on the specimen. Collector.—J.N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28159, U.S.N.M. CYRTODONTA (?) GIBBERA Ulrich, variety. (Plate XIII, figs. 34-36.) Cyrtodonta gibbera UuRicH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 542, pl. xxxIx, figs. 13-15. The only example of this species was sent by the writer to Mr. Ulrich, who made the following comparisons: ‘Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 540, pl. xxx1x, fig. 23. 2 Tbidem. >Canadian Nat. and Geol., III, 1858, p. 432. i i; ~ | di No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. ‘163 It aliens from my oes specimen, ecm is a cast “OE the exterior, in noone some- what less gibbous, particularly in the umbones, the beaks also coming closer, i.e., they are almost in contact, while they are rather widely separated and less inourtved in the type. In the absence of evidence concerning the hinge, the generic position of the shell is necessarily doubtful. Therefore, although admitting provisionally that it is closely allied to Cyrtodonta gibbera, I am not at all satisfied that it will not turn out to be a Vanuxemia near J’. abrupta. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28161, U.S.N.M VANUXEMIA ABRUPTA Ulrich. Vanuxemia abrupta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 560, pl. Xxxvin, figs. 39-44. Of this species there are two examples, which Mr. Ulrich has com- pared with the types. In Minnesota this form is found in the Middle Galena of Fillmore and Goodhue counties. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. Nos. 28157, 8, U.S.N.M. VANUXEMIA BAFFINENSIS, new species. (Plate XIII, figs. 26-28.) This species finds its nearest relatives in V. hayniana Safford and V. niota (Whitfield'). It dffiers from these species in the greater obliquity of the shell. The largest specimen figured (figs. 29 and 30) is a worn example, and is provisionally referred to V. baffinensis as a variety. When additional material is secured, it may prove to be a distinct species. (Another specimen just received from Mr. A.V. Shaw shows that the variety is probably a distinct species. ) Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28160, U.S.N.M. WHITELLA ARCTICUS, new species. (Plate XIII, figs. 23-25.) Ulrich writes that this species of Whitella is nearest his W. rugatina,’ from which it differs in being much more erect. In fact, W. arcticus is more erect than any other species of the genus. The escutcheon is very narrow. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 33059, U.S.N.M. Family GRAMMYSIID Hall. SAFFORDIA MODESTA Ulrich. = Saffordia modesta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 627, pl. x11, figs. 29-31. Of this form there are two specimens in the American Museum of Nat- ural History, collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. Externally they agree with the Minnesota species. 1See Geol. Minn., IIT, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 560. 2Tbidem, p. 569, pl. xt, fig. 1. 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ' Class GASTROPODA. Family PROTOWARTHIID & Ulrich. PROTOWARTHIA PERVOLUTA Ulrich and Scofield. Protowarthia pervoluta ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 871, pl. Lxiu, figs. 21-27. This species is fairly common at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and in some specimens the shell is preserved. Testiferous examples of P. pervoluta are distinguished from other species of the genus by the columella-like development of the inner lip. The specimens were sent to Mr. Ulrich, who has compared them with his types. He writes that the Arctic examples are somewhat more angular on the back of the volutions than the type specimens. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28173, U.S.N.M. Family BUCANIID A Ulzich. TETRANOTA OBSOLETA Ulrich and Scofield. Tetranota obsoleta ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 880, pl. LXV, figs. 19-23. Of this widely distributed shell there are eight examples in the present collection. Three were sent’to Mr. Ulrich, who pronounced them typical examples of his T. obsoleta. In the United States, this shell ranges from the Lowville stage into the Utica, and is found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Kentucky, and at Cincinnati, Ohio. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28175, U.S.N.M. Three specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History. KOKENIA COSTALIS Ulrich and Scofield. Kokenia costalis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 882, pl. LXIV, figs. 46-49. Two specimens of this interesting species, from the Galena shales of Goodhue County, Minnesota, the type locality for this species, are in the United States National Museum. The two specimens from F[ro- bisher Bay agree with the present examples in every way excepting in the number of revolving lines. Of these there are seven in the Minne- sota specimens, while ingthe Arctic individuals there are from eleven to twelve, of which the fourth, sixth, and eighth are the most prominent. The first, second, fourth, sixth, and eighth revolving lines are continu- ous into the aperture, the others being interpolated on the last volution. Extremely fine transverse lines of growth and a few varices indicating stages of growth are also present. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28176, U,S.N.M. NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 165 Family BELLEROPHONTIID 44. BELLEROPHON SIMILIS Ulrich and Scofield. Bellerophon similis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 919, pl. LXIv, figs. 31-39. Of this species there are two examples, one of which is identical with Ulrich’s figures thirty-two and thirty-three of the work cited. It is one of the characteristic fossils of the Trenton or Galena stage of Minnesota. Collector.—A.H. White. Cat. No. 28174, U.S.N.M. Family PLEUROTOMARIID 4 @Orbigny. LOPHOSPIRA SPIRONEMA Ulrich and Scofield. Lophospira spironema ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 983, pl. Lxxui, figs. 44-47. This is the most abundant gastropod found at Silliman’s Fossil Mount. The species was at. first thought by the writer to be L. /fill- morensis Ulrich and Scofield, but Mr. Ulrich, to whom three examples were sent, pronounced it L. spironema. The Arctic examples attained a far larger size than the Black River specimens of Minnesota. Collectors.—A. H. White and J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28177, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by R. W. Porter are in the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. LIOSPIRA AMERICANA (Billings). Liospira cmericana ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 996. This very widely distributed and common species is abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount. The large umbilicus is completely filled with Shell matter, but above in the earlier whorls it is open. Collectors.—A. H. White, A. V. Shaw, J. N. Carpender, and R. W. Porter. Cat. No. 28180, U.S.N.M. CLATHROSPIRA CONICA Ulrich and Scofield. Clathrospira conica ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1008, pl. LXx, figs. 1-4. This is one of the abundant species at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and in the United States ranges from the Black River group into the middle of the Cincinnatian group. The Arctic examples attained a larger size than elsewhere, but otherwise are considered by Mr. Ulrich to be in harmony with his species. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28178, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History also has specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ; SEELYA(?) (PLETHOSPIRA?) ULRICHI, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 9, 10.) This interesting little shell has many of the characteristics of S. ventricosa Ulrich,! from the Calciferous (Beekmantown) stage. It is, however, a much smaller shell, and differs from all known species of Seelya in having the revolving bands nearly obsolete. There are four of these shells, which were sent to Mr. Ulrich for iden- tification. He writes: The specimens are casts of the interior, and the revolving peripheral furrows probably have nothing to do with the revolving sculpture of the true Seelya. Simi- lar furrows occur in good casts of Lophospira bowdeni and other Pleurotomariide. The band, I believe, was of the flat or concave type, as in Seelya, Plethospira, and Hormotoma, but, as it was evidently close to the suture and partly covered by same, it is too low on the whorls to be in strict accordance with these genera. Oollector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28187, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has two specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. The species is named for Mr. E. O. Ulrich, who has accomplished - much in bringing about a better understanding of the fossils of the American Lower Silurian. Family EUOMPHALID 2. HELICOTOMA (?) (LIOSPIRA?) LARVATA Salter. Helicotoma larvata BILLINGS, Canadian Organic Remains, Decade I, 1859, p. 15, pl. u, figs. 11-14. Of this species there is a single excellent specimen, which the writer at first labeled Liospira angulata Ulrich, variety. However, when Ulrich compared the Arctic example with the type species he con- cluded it to be Helicotoma larvata Salter. He has kindly made the following notes on this specimen: This species resembles Liospira mundula, L. angulata, and other species of that section of this genus very greatly, and it may be, as I once thought, truly referable to Liospira. Excepting that the Arctic specimen is small, it is the best preserved yet seen byme. Still I am unable to settle the difficulty. Whatever light it casts upon the problem is in favor of retaining the species under Helicotoma. In Canada this is a Black River species. Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28179, U.S.N.M. Family MACLURIIDA® Woodward. MACLURINA MANITOBENSIS (Whiteaves). Maclurina manitobensis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1041, pl. LXXxv1, figs. 4,5; pl. Lxxxu, fig. 45. This species is common at Silliman’s Fossil Mount and attains a 'Geol. Minn. III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1009, figs. 7, b, c, d, in text. NO. 1192. - TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 167 Manitoba, it attains a diameter of 83 inches. It is a characteristic species of the Trenton. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28183, U.S.N.M. MACLURINA CUNEATA (Whitfield) . Maclurira cuneata ULRIcH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1042, pl. LxxvI, figs. 1-3; pl. Lxxxu, fig. 46. Of this species there are two typical specimens with the character- istic, small umbilical perforation. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28184, U.S.N.M. MACLUREA CRASSA Ulrich and Scofield. Maclurea crassa ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1040, pl. Lxxv, figs. 12-14. One example of this species measures nearly 3 inches in diameter, which is larger than the Minnesota specimens, but this is in keeping with the greater size attained by the Maclureas and Maclurinas in the far north. Collectors._J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28182, U.S.N.M. Family TROCHONEMATIDZ® Ulrich. TROCHONEMA UMBILICATUM (Hall). Trochonema umbilicatum ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1047, pl. Lxxvu, figs. 1-3. Of this widely distributed Lower Silurian shell, six specimens are present. They preserve most of the shell, and show considerable sur- face detail. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28186, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by Mr. Rk. W. Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History. TROCHONEMA (EUNEMA) ROBBINSI Ulrich and Scofield. Trochonema (Eunema) robbinsi ULRICH and ScoriELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1053, pl. LXxv1, figs. 11-15. Three examples of this species are present, only one of which is well preserved. These were sent to Mr. Ulrich for comparison with T. rob- binst and T. saltert. He writes as follows: These specimens possibly indicate a form intermediate between 7. (H.) similis and T. (E.) robbinsi Ulrich and Scofield. The upper whorls of the best specimen agree rather closely with the former, while the last whorl, with its relatively narrow peripheral band, is more in accordance with the latter species. It is to be borne in mind, however, that it is only the shell-less portion of the specimen that agree with T. (£,) similis, the opposite side of the same whorls showing no trace of the ridge near the suture, which is strongly developed and is characteristic of 7. similis. 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28185, U.S.N.M. The best Specimen was found by Mr. R. W. Porter, and is now in the American Museum of Natural History. HOLOPEA ARCTICA, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 14-16.) This little Holopea has its nearest relation in H. ampla and H. simi- lis Ulrich and Scofield.’ It differs from the latter in having the upper sides of the whorls less flat, the sutures deeper, and the lines of growth more regular than in any other species of Holopea. From H. ampla, the Arctic species differs in having the whorls expand less rapidly. Collector.—-A. H. White. Cat. No. 28190, U.S.N.M. ? Family TROCHID 4. TROCHUS (?), species undetermined. (Plate XII, figs. 11-13.) Of this form there is only one good specimen, and this has none of the ornamental surface preserved. The specimen was sent to Mr. Ulrich, and he kindly made the following notes: I regard it as related to some of the Gotland shells referred to Trochus by Lind- strém, but as the specimen retains no trace of the sculpture-bearing layer of the shell it can not be compared satisfactorily with described species. Lindstrém’s 7. den- sistriatus, T. kolmodini, and T. wisbyensis seem not far removed. The specimen is in the American Museum of Natural History. Family SUBULITID A. FUSISPIRA INFLATA Meek and Worthen. Fusispira inflata ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1075, pl. Lxxx, figs. 17, 18. The only example of this species is an imperfect shell with most of the smaller part of the spire missing. So far as comparison can be made, the species is in harmony with F. inflata. Mr. Ulrich agrees that the specimen belongs to this species. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28189, U.S.N.M. FUSISPIRA NOBILIS Ulrich and Scofield. Fusispira nobilis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1078, pl. Lxxx, figs. 2-4. The two Arctic specimens of this form are imperfect, and the largest fragment indicates that the species here attained as large a growth as in Minnesota, being about 4 inches in length. Mr. Ulrich has seen the faemicnrs and agrees that hey, OOS his SUeBIes: 1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, pp. 1065, 1066. No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 169 Class CHPHALOPODA. Order TETRABRANCHIATA. Family ENDOCERATID@. CAMEROCERAS PROTEIFORME (Hall). Cameroceras proteiforme CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 777, pls. XLVIII-ULI, LIII. Of this common species there is one small but well-preserved frag- ment showing the submarginal siphon. In a length of 2 inches, there are seven chambers and eight septa. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28191, U.S.N.M. Family ORTHOCERATID 4. ORTHOCERAS OLORUS Hall, var. BAFFINENSIS, new variety. (Plate XII, figs. 19-22.) Orthoceras vertebrale HaLu, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 201, pl. xxi, figs. 5-5e (not Schlotheim, 1820). Orthoceras olorus HALL, Miller’s Amer. Pal. Foss., Ist ed., 1877, p. 245. The Arctic examples of this form, of which there are three, do not appear to attain the large size of the New York specimens. Hall describes the species with ‘“‘strong longitudinal striz,” while the Arctic Specimens have very fine equidistant lines, between each of which are from 3 to 6 exceedingly delicate ones. This difference in the ornamen- tation, together with the smaller size, is regarded of sufficient impor- tance for varietal distinction. There isno other American Lower Silurian annulated species with which it can be compared. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28192, U.S.N.M. ORTHOCERAS BILINEATUM Hall. Orthoceras bilineatum CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 786, pl. xLvit, figs. 20, 21; pl. LIV, figs. 6, 7. Of this species there is one small specimen annulated throughout. The characteristic, regularly alternating, larger and smaller lines of ornamentation are preserved. Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28193, U.S.N.M. ORTHOCERAS PORTERI, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 23-25.) This annulated species of Orthoceras appears to be related to O. bilin- eatum. The apical angle in both is about the same, but in O. porteri the annulations and septa are farther apart, the siphuncle is more eccentric, and the ornamentation is entirely different. The longitudinal lines are double throughout, and consist of prominent primary ones, 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. between which there are always three equally strong secondary lines. Transverse, or growth, lines are fine and numerous, and in crossing the longitudinal lines they cause these to be slightly nodose. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28194, U.S.N.M. This name is given aS a mark of appreciation to Mr. Russell W. Porter, of Boston, Massachusetts, who, with his associates, made it pos- sible to revisit Frobisher Bay and to make a most complete collection of Arctic Trenton fossils.' ORTHOCERAS SCALARIFORMIS, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 17, 18.) Shellsmall, notannulated, tapering slowly, withan apical angleofabout 7°, section originally circular, septa 9 in the length of 1 inch; siphuncle large, and apparently in contact with the outer wall. Surface with 13 widely separated prominent longitudinal costz, which are crossed somewhat irregularly by concentric lamelle, anteriorly directed, and 1 to each septum. Here and there two or three intermediate vertical lines occur between the longitudinal costa. Collector.cJ. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28195, U.S.N.M. Family CYRTOCERATIDA. CYRTOCERAS MANITOBENSE Whiteaves. Cyrtoceras manitobense WHITEAVES, Trans. Royal Soc. of Canada, Sec. 4, VII, 1889, p. 80, pl. xu, figs. 3, 4; pl. xv, fig. 4; Geol. Surv., Canada, Pal. Foss., III, 1897, p. 223. Oncoceras manitobense CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 799. This species is the most abundant of the Cephalopoda at Silliman’s Fossil Mount. The writer sent the specimens to Profe~sor Whiteaves, who compared them with the types, and subsequently reported that they are ‘“‘apparently exactly the same species as C. manitobense Whiteaves from Lake Winnepeg, Manitoba. We have very similar specimens from Akpatok Island, Hudson Strait.” The Baffin Land specimens are smaller than those from Manitoba. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28119, U.S.N.M. CYRTOCERAS CORNULUM, new species. (Plate XIV, figs. 8-10.) This little shell is clearly related to the previous species, having many of its characters. It differs, however, in its smaller growth, greater cenrvature, and most decidedly in the very rapid increase of the cone. The greater curvature is due to the rapid increase in depth of the air chamber toward the ventral side, where near the living chamber it is 1A description of this trip is given by Mr. Porter in Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc., XXX, May, 1898, pp. 97-110, the paper being entitled ‘‘ Frobisher Bay Revisited.” + Se ee NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. IO often three times the depth on the dorsal side. The siphuncle is very small, almost in contact with the ventral wall, and swells but little between the septa. Professor Whiteaves, who saw the type, states that among the frag- ments of Cyrtoceras from Manitoba “are some apparently like (@. cor- nulum in section, curvature, and much in the position of siphuncle.” Collectors.—A. V. Shaw and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28121, U.S.N.M. CYRTOCERAS BAFFINENSIS, new species. (Plate XIV, figs. 11-13.) This small species of Cyrtoceras has the general aspect of C. manito- bense, and for a time was regarded as the young of that species, yet a comparison shows that C. baffinensis has a somewhat smaller apical angle. The diagnostic feature, however, is in the depth of the air chambers. These are much more shallow and do not increase in depth with growth nearly as rapidly as in C. manitobense, there being twenty- two of these in 25 mm., while in the latter species at a similar stage of growth there are about sixteen. Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28198, U.S.N.M. Family ONCOCERATID 4. CLINOCERAS EXIGUUM (Billings). Cyrtoceras exiguum BILLINGS, Can. Nat. and Geol., V, 1860, p. 172, figs. 17, 18. Oncoceras exiguum CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 798, pl. Lvim, figs. 10, 11. In this collection there are five specimens of this species, three of which preserve more or less of the body chamber, and permit a recon- struction of the form of the shell. The body chamber was not less than 15 mm. in length and the entire shell not less than 58 mm. Billings gives the probable length as about 50 mm., which is very close to the protrae- tion based on Arctic material. Clarke writes that the Minnesota speci- mens probably did not exceed 30 mm., but as his specimens are very small fragments, this estimate is probably short of the actual length. The first twelve septa back of the living chamber occupy 22 mm., and in another specimen there are nine in 19 mm. The depth of the air chambers decreases very little toward the apex, the average being a little less than 2 mm. down to where the shell has a diameter of 3.5 mm. Specimens from shale are usually compressed, and this is the condi- tion of the Arctic material, but the shell was circular in outline, with a very small central siphuncle. This species is related to Oncoceras mumieformis Whitfield, which Clarke referred to Clinoceras. The Arctic material shows the shell to be gently arcuate and to possess the other generic characters of Clino- ceras. Billings’s species should be referred to Maschke’s genus. ~* Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28199, U.S.N.M. 172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ' " ONCOCERAS ARCTICUM, new species. (Plate XIV, figs. 4-7.) As shown by the figures, this species differs from all other American Oncoceras in the great antero-posterior curvature of the ventral side of the shell. This is caused by the rapidly increasing depth of the air chambers toward the ventral side, where they are about twice the depth of the dorsum. Siphuncle small, slightly constricted at each septum, and closely adjoining the ventral wall except immediately beneath the living chamber, where it is slightly deflected dorsally. Venter more broadly rounded than the dorsum. Living chamber large, with the sides slightly constricted, not less than 24 mm. deep, 33 mm. dorso-ventrally, and 24 mm. transversely. The cast is smooth and pre- serves no markings of the exterior. Cyrtoceras cornulum was first thought to be the young stage of Oncoceras arcticum, but its section is more elongate-oval, with the dorsal side more rounded, the reverse being true in the latter species. The chambers also are deeper on the ventral side, the ventral curvature is less strong, and the shell thicker, with longitudinal plications. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28196, U.S.N.M. ONCOCERAS TUMIDUM, new species. (Plate XIV, figs. 1-3.) This species is much larger than any other in the Trenton of the United States, although much smaller than O. magnum, the giant of the genus, which is found at East Selkirk, in Manitoba. The present form seems to be most closely related to O. gibbosum Whiteaves! (=0. whiteavesi Miller), but has not the numuloidal siphuncle of that species, nor the sigmoid outline of the septa on the dorsum. The living chamber, also, is shallower, being about 28 mm. deep. The con- striction of O. tumidum recalls that seen in Poterioceras or Gomphoceras, but unlike these shells is not bilaterally symmetrical. The specimen preserves but 6 septa and the living chamber, and throughout all there is a rapid regular convergence toward the anterior end. Dorsal end of shell broadly rounded, with the ventral side somewhat acutely rounded. The 5 air chambers are dorsally 13 mm. deep and ventrally 25 mm. The siphuncle is small and situated about 6 mm. inside the ventral wall. Septa regularly but deeply concave. The type specimen was sent to Professor Whiteaves for comparison with O. whiteavest Miller. He reports that Oncoceras tumidum is “very much like O. whiteavesi Miller (=O. gibbosum Whiteaves, not Hall) in lateral contour, but in your specimen the body chamber does not seem to narrow so abruptly as it always does in O. whiteavesi, and shows no sign of any constriction at the aperture.” Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28190, U.S.N.M. ‘Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sec. 4, IV, 1889, p. 80, pl. xv, fig. 43. v S eG meat et. + ie PEP he a § So aReeee R egw py Wars ee Stes BAS No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. is POTERIOCERAS, species undetermined. There is a poor specimen of this genus from the Frobisher Bay locality. It was thought to be a small specimen of P. nobile, and was therefore sent to Professor Whiteaves'! for comparison. He, however, writes: We have nothing exactly like this. It is very similar in shape to P. nobile, except that the latter is somewhat compressed and yours is not. The difference in size between your specimen and ours is, of course, enormous. Your shell also is not very unlike the so-called Gomphoceras eximium Billings, but that species is ovate in trans- verse section, possibly from lateral pressure. Your specimen is, I should think, most likely a Poterioceras, but too imperfect to show its specific characters or affinities. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28122, U.S.N.M. Family TARPHYCERATID Hyatt. EURYSTOMITES PLICATUS Whiteaves ? Eurystomites plicatus WHITEAVES, Can. Rec. Sci., VI, 1896, p. 395; Geol. Surv. Canada, Pal. Foss., III, Pt. 3, 1897, p. 225, figs. 15, 16; pl. xxvu, fig. 2. The only specimen of this species present is not well preserved, but has parts of one and one-half whorls. Professor Whiteaves, who saw the specimen, writes that it is ‘“‘probably Hurystomites plicatus White- aves. At any rate, it has the same outline in transverse section, with the dorsum impressed by a shallow and rather narrow furrow of contact, and the same amount of involution.” The specimen, however, shows no surface markings nor any siphuncle. Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28123, U.S.N.M. Class AR'THROPODA. Subclass CRUSTACEA. Order OSTRACODA. Ostracoda are abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, 10 specimens having been found attached to the larger fossils. These were sent to Mr. K. O. Ulrich for determination. He has identified them as follows: Bythocypris grant Ulrich.’ Primitia or Kledenia. Krausella, two new species. Order TRILOBIFA. NILEUS VIGILANS (Meek and Worthen). Nileus vigilans CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 712, figs. 17-19. Of this widely distributed species there is one very fine enrolled but small specimen and fragments of three other individuals. These agree exactly with Mr. Clarke’s description and figures. 'Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sec. 4, VII, 1889, p. 77, pl. x1v, fig. 1, ? Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 689, pl. xiv, figs. 39-42, 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw. and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28168, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has two specimens collected by Mr. hk. W. Porter. ILLAZZENUS CRASSICAUDA AMERICANUS (Billings). Tllenus americanus CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 714, figs. 20-23. One fine enrolled specimen of this well-known species was found by Mr. F. G. Goodridge, of New York City, and was very kindly given to the U.S. National Museum. Mr. R. W. Porter also collected two fine specimens, which are now in the American Museum of Natural History. These agree excellently with this species, the best examples of which are from oa Falls, New York. Vollectors.— I. G. Coniniles, J. N.Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. a 28167, U.S.N.M. ISOTELUS GIGAS De Kay. Tsotelus gigas CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, pp. 701-706, with text figures. Of this species several fragments were found by J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. : DALMANITES (PTERYGOMETOPUS) GOODRIDGII, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 5, 6.) The cephalon of this species recalls that of D.(P.)eboraceus Clarke in the characters of the glabella and in the great prominence of the eyes. However, in D.(P.) goodridgii, the eyes are even more elevated, the cephalon is smooth and devoid of all granulation, while the most marked difference is seen in the posterior outline of the head, which is broadly rounded or subquadrate, with a centrai, short projection. The occipital ring is also much wider, and is strongly elevated medio- posteriorly into an obtuse apex. Of thoracic segments, nine are pre- served in these specimens. The pygidium is likewise less triangular than in D.(P.)eboraceus, and while there are ten or eleven annulations on the axis, there are not more than five pleure. These are well developed anteriorly, becoming rapidly more and more obsolete. Named for Mr. F. G. Goodridge, of New York City, one of the col- _lectors cf fossils on the Peary expedition of 1897. ‘ Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H.White. Cat. No. 28170,U.S.N.M. CERAURUS PLEUREXANTHEMUS Green. Ceraurus pleurexanthemus GREEN, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. ae pl. LXV, figs. la-1n; pl. Lxvi, figs. 1, le-1h.—CLARKE, Geol. sities III, bt. 2, 1894, p. 734. There are three examples of this species in the collection, none of which are entire, but all agree well with New York specimens. The species did not here attain quite the large size of New York specimens, but one glabella shows a growth about two-thirds of the largest from the latter locality. Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28169, U.S.N.M. No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA: OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 175 SUMMARY. The only Lower Silurian horizons known in northeastern Arctic America are of Trenton and Utica age. The latter zone appears only on the north shore of Frobisher Bay, but the Trenton is found in various places from the north shore of Hudson Strait to latitude 81° north. The Lower Silurian is thickest on Akpatok Island, where it is from 400 to 500 feet in depth. Dr. Bell, however, estimates the entire thickness of these strata in this region to be not less than 900 feet. In Baffin Land, and apparently elsewhere in Arctic America, the Lower Silurian strata rests unconformably on old erystalline rocks. To the north of Baffin Land, the former are overlain by beds of Niag- ara or Wenlock age. The Trenton faunas, occurring in various places around the insular Archean nucleus of North America, have much in common, and this indicates that the conditions at that time were very similar, while the sea was in communication throughout. As yet, however, the distri- bution of the strata, together with their faunas, are well known only to the south and southeast of the Archean nucleus, yet that of the west (Manitoba) and of the northeast (Baffin Land) show direct com- munication. The Baffin Land ane had an early introduction of Upper Silurian genera in the corals Halysites, Lyellia, and Plasmopora. Ii Manitoba similar conditions occur in the presence of Halysites, Favosites, and Diphyphyllum. Other Upper Silurian types do not appear to be present. The Trenton fauna of Silliman’s Fossil Mount, at the head of Fro- bisher Bay, has seventy-two species, of which twenty-eight are restricted to it. This fauna shows an intimate relationship with that of the Galena of Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Tifty-seven per cent of the species of Baffin Land also occur in the Galena of the regions just mentioned. The Trenton fauna of Baffin Land shows that the corals, brachiopods, gastropods, and trilobites have wide distribution, and are therefore less sensitive to differing habitats apt to occur in widely separated regions. On the other hand, the cephalopods, and particularly the pelecy pods, indicate a shorter geographical range. The almost complete absence of Bryozoa in the Baffin Land Trenton contrasts strongly with the great development of these animals in Minnesota and elsewhere in the United States. 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. [From drawings by Mr. E. O. ULRICH.] PLATE XII. Porocrinus shawi, p. 155. . Posterior view of the calyx; enlarged. . Anterior view; natural size. . Ventral view; enlarged. gw doe Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodridgti, p. 174. 4. The pygidium supposed to be of this species. 5,6. Two views of the cephalon. Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi arctica, p. 157. 7,8. Dorsal and profile views. Seelya (?) (Plethospira ?) ulrichi, p. 166. 9,10. Two views showing the nearly obsolete revolving bands. Trochis ?, species undetermined, p. 168. 11-13. Three views of the only specimen of this genus. Holopea arctica, p. 168. 14,15. Two views of the best specimen. 16. Surface ornamentation; X5. Orthoceras scalariformis, p. 170. 17. The ornamentation. 18. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho. Orthoceras olorus baffinensis, p. 169. 19, 21,22. Views of three specimens. 20. Surface ornamentation; x10, Orthoceras porteri, p. 169. 23. View of the exterior. 94. Surface ornamentation; X5. 25. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho. PLATE XIII. Ctenodonta carpenderi, p. 160. Fics. 1-3. Three views of the largest specimen. Ctenodonta subnasuta Ulrich?, p. 160. 4-6. Three views of the best specimen. lenodonta baffinensis, p. 161. 7-9. Three views of the type specimen. 10. Surface ornamentation; x10. Ctenodonta frobisherensis, p. 161. 11-13. Three views of the best specimen. 14. Left valve of another specimen. Whiteavesia symmetricus, p. 162. 15-17, Three views of the type specimen. VOL. XXII. NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 177 Modiolodon arcticus, p. 161. _ 18,19. Views of the cast of the interior. | Allodesma (?) species undetermined. 20-22. Three views of the only specimen. This species is for the present not described. Whitella arcticus, p. 163. 23-25. Three views of the type specimen. Vanuxemia bafinensis, p. 163. 26-28. Three views of the type specimen. 29, 30. Two views of a large specimen which probably is a distinct form. Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, p. 162. 31-33. Views of the type specimens, Cyrtodonta (?) gibbera Ulrich, var., p. 162. 34-36. View of the only example. PLATE XIV. Oncoceras tumidum, p. 172. Fig. 1. Ventral side. 2. Side view. 3. Sectional view of the larger end. - Oncoceras arcticum, p. 172. . View of the dorsum. . Side view. . Sectional view, with the position of the sipho. . Ventral side. ID owe Cyrtoceras cornulum, p. 170. . Side view, showing the radiating furrows of the inner side of the shell. . Ventral view. 10. Outline of the shell transversely. co CO Cyrtoceras baffinensis, p. 171. 11. Side view. 12. Ventral view. 13. End view with about half the length of the shell drawn in. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 12 PL. Xil PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XxXIl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM S MOUNT. y FOSSILS FROM SILLIMAN FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 176. | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XIII PELECYPODS FROM SILLIMAN’S MOUNT. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 176, 177. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XIV CEPHALOPODS FROM SILLIMAN’S MOUNT. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 177. oe ~ i Aba tpt Sheen cet Sito Seu SOME NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES. By HENRY STEWART GANE, Ph. D., Fellow in Geology, Johns Hopkins University, 1894-95. INTRODUCTION. At the suggestion of Prof. William B. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins University, the writer was encouraged to undertake the study and sys- tematic description of the Neocene corals of the United States. Further- more, the present paper has been constructed both as to method of treatment and arrangement of subject-matter upon the general plan of Professor Clark’s bulletin on the Mesozoic Echinodermata of this country. No attempt had been made hitherto to treat this subject from the present standpoint, the few corals previously described being offered to science either as possessing only zoological interest, or else to complete a local fauna. : The first mention of a Neocene coral from this country is found in the Petrefacta Germaniz of Goldfuss (1829), where Madrepora palmata is both described and figured. During the thirty years following this first description there were at irregular intervals a number of scat- tered contributions to the subject. The more important were those of T. A. Conrad, W. Lonsdale from the collections made by Sir Charles Lyell, and Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime. More recently there have been but two papers worthy of notice, one in 1887 by Prof. P. M. Dunean on the genus Septastrwa d’Orbigny, from the Miocene of Maryland, and one in 1888 by Dr. G. J. Hinde as a criticism of Pro- fessor Duncan’s article. It is of interest to note that the researches of Dr. Hinde on this American species are almost unprecedented, no sim- ilar coral having been treated in so exhaustive a manner. In consid- ering all the referetices we notice the somewhat remarkable fact that by far the most important writings have appeared both in foreign journals and from the pens of foreign paleontologists. The material treated has been loaned to the writer from the col- lections of the U. S. National Museum, Wagner Free Institute of PPOCEEDINGS OF U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1193. “te ( 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~ VOL, XXII. Science, the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, the private cabinet of Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia, and the Johns Hopkins University. The state of preservation of the forms is as a rule excellent, with the exception of the silicified corals from Florida. These latter are often very difficult of determination, owing to prefossil wear and the minera- logical change the specimens have since undergone. Frequently the poorly preserved calices alone remain, the entire inside of the individ- ual or the colony being dissolved away and represented by a cavity with walls of botryoidal character. When the original substance of the coral, with the exception of the outer surface, is thus replaced, it becomes impossible, as an aid to identification, to cut sections showing the coral structure below the calice. The cause and method of silification of these corals has never been satisfactorily proven. Professor Heilprin,! in discussing the phenomena in his treatise on the Explorations on the West Coast of Florida, attributes the change to an infiltration of silica in a heated condition, but adds that he can not even hazard a guess, much less explain in what precise manner the peculiar method of hollowing was brought about. Especially is this true of the colonial types with botryoidal-shaped cavities. Furthermore, in the genera possessed of very small calices, as in Porites and Stylophora, their deli- cate structure is often so destroyed as to render a specific diagnosis impossible. The writer has also been at a great disadvantage from the fact that a number of the species have been described from single specimens, and until further collecting is done in the field it will be impossible to give a more detailed specific description of these forms. The fauna under discussion embraces in its geological distribution, the Neocene and Oligocene epochs. On the other hand, geographically the range of these forms is remarkably confined. With the single excep- tion of a few casts from the Miocene of Griswoldville, Fresno County, California, we find them limited to the Atlantic seaboard States, from New Jersey to Florida, inclusive. In considering this fauna as a unit, its most striking feature is the great number and variety of the genera represented as compared with the species, there being twenty-eight of the former to thirty-five of the latter. This proportion of genera to species is quite unusual, the number of species in any given fauna more often being far in excess of the genera. As an instance, we may cite the present fauna of Bermuda, with its twenty-eight species to only ten genera, or the results reported by the Challenger, which during its entire cruise obtained only sixty-nine genera of reef corals to two hundred and ninety-three species, and many of these presenting considerable varia- ation. We find, further, in taking account of the Neocene corals, that the colonial far outnumbers the individual type. In examining the bathymetric distribution of the species, it is doubt- 1Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., I, p. 62. NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 181 ful whether any truly deep-sea forms are » represented. The few genera that might be so classed are also frequently found living in shallow depths. When we add to the above the fact that they occur in the deposits side by side with true reef builders, we may consider that the corals living in the Oligocene and Pliocene periods flourished as shallow- water forms with preponderating reef-building tendencies. Both from their kind and the relations which the coral genera and species of a particular area bear to one another, it is possible to judge of the similarity or of the variation of the physical conditions prevail- ing in the region. Regarding this hypothesis, Prof. P. M. Dunean,! in ine first: article on the West Indian fossil corals, says: The range, in strata, of the genera of corals is often so great, and the species of remote formations are so frequently closely allied; that the Zoantharia form better guides for estimating the external physical circumstances of the regions in which they existed than for determining the age of the strata. There are few subjects better understood than the relation between the presence of certain genera and species of coral and certain definite, external physical conditions. Depth of sea, purity of sea water, its intense aeration, force of wave, absence of fresh water, the climate and nature of the coast line, with all their possible varieties, appear to determine, according to their mutual reactions, the presence and persistence of spe- cies and genera. Indeed, very slight variations from the general rule of the external circumstances in a coral sea would appear to prevent the development of certain genera. It is a reasonable induction that, if a species be found in strata of any age and distant in space, the two sets of strata were formed under the same external physical circumstances. If this be true, then the conditions prevailing upon the Atlantic coast during Neocene time were most varied, both from a geological and a geographical standpoint; for we find that in the fauna under dis- cussion the genera of the corals are quite varied, and that the indi- vidual species are very limited, both vertically and horizontally, in their stratigraphic distribution. In this distribution the Pliocene species are perhaps more liable to be limited in their geographical range than in their geological, since a number of the forms are either found as recent or having closely related living allies, whereas the Miocene _ Species appear to be about equally confined both from a geographical and a geological aspect. A majority of the corals represented belong to extinct species. A few are now found living in the Caribbean Sea, and some belong to closely allied fossil forms from Santo Domingo and other West Indian islands. We should expect that the Neocene corel of the United States would have close kinship with those of like age in the West Indies, but such does not seem to be generally the case. On the other hand, according to Professor Duncan the fossil Oligocene corals of the West Indies are closely related to those of the Miocene of Europe ai.d the recent faunas of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Regarding the affinities of. the Neo- 1Quart. Jour Geol. Soc., XIX, p. 453. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. cene fauna of the United States as a whole, we come to the conclusion that it has more of a likeness to that at present living in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean than to the fauna, recent or fossil, of any other region. f The descriptions of families and genera will not be repeated in the present work, as they are to be found in the paper of Prof. P. Martin Dunean on “A Revision of the Families and Genera of the Scleroder- mic Zoantharia, Hdwards and Haime, or Madreporaria (M. rugosa excepted),” which also contains the system of classification employed in the present memoir. The author wishes to express his thanks, through Mr. William H. Dall and Mr. Joseph Willcox, to the Wagner Free Institute of Science tor the loan of many of the specimens herein described; also to Mr. T. Wayland Vaughan for much kindly assistance and advice. Mr. Vaughan has looked over the paper after it was written and has attended to having the figures drawn. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1826-1833. GoLpruss, A. 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